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Leader (1850-1860), 15th October 1853, Edition Country of 2, Page 8

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      American Statesmanship. Mb. Everett On T...

      The question , Mr . Marcy goes on to say , must be decided by international law . He points out how Turkey , in ¦ 1849 , honourably refused to deliver up political refugees claimed by Austria , and how England and France approved of her refusal . ' This demand on the United States is but a revival of the same general claim on the part of Austria . He shows from the best authorities that there are no treaties between Austria and Turkey which provide for the extradition of political offenders ; the Turkish ministers have denied the existence of any such treaties .

      Koszta had virtually given up all allegiance to the Emperor of Austria . And further , the Emperor recognised the severance of the usual ties between sovereign and subject . . " By the consent and procurement of the E mperor of Austria , Koszta had been sent into perpetual banishment . The Emperor was a party to the expulsion of the Hungarian refugees from Turkey . The Sovereign by-such an act depr ives Ms subjects to whom it is applied of all their rights under his Government . He places them where lie cannot , if he would , afford them protection . By such an act he teleases the subjects thus banished from the bond of allegiance . ¦ ¦

      " The proposition that Koszta at Smyrna was not an ' Austrian subject , ' can be sustained on another ground . By a decree oi the Emperor of Austria of the 24 th of March , 1852 , subjects leaving the dominions of the Emperor without permission of the magistrate and a release of Austrian citizenship , and with an intention never to . return , become ' unlawfully emigrants , ' and lose all their civil and political rights at home . —( Mncy . Anier , Tit . JEmigration , 2 Kenfs Com . 50 , 51 . )" The statement that Koszta himself acknowledged his allegiance is " doubtful . " He then declares the situation of all the parties at Smyrna . The Turkish civil

      authority was not called into action , therefore all the parties were as free as if they were placed in some unappropriated region lying far beyond the confines of any sovereign state whatever . In this view " Captain Ingraham would be fully justified . " He then argues beyond this point that Koszta , having a domicile in America , was invested with the nationality of that country . He proves by fact and by law , that Koszta had acquired a domicile in the United States , and did not lose it by his absence in Turkey . A stranger establishes a domicile by showing an intention to reside permanently in a country .

      " Fears are entertained that this doctrine offers a facility for acquiring a national character which , will lead to alaraiing abuses ; that under the shadow of it political agitators , intent upon disturbing the repose of tlieir own or other countries , might come to the United States with a view to acquire a claim to their protection , ' " and then to return to their former scenes oi' action to carry on , under a changed national character , their ulterior designs with greater security and better success . This apprehension is believed to

      be wholly unfounded . The first distinct act done by them towards the accomplishment of these designs would disclose their fraudulent purpose in coming to and seeking a domicile in this country . Such a development would effectually disprove the fact that they acquired a domicile here , and with it our nationality . Without that nationality they could not be considered as standing under the protecting arm of the United States , and consequently could have no right to claim , and no reason to expect , it would bo exerted in their defence . "

      Mr . Marcy then defends Captain Ingraham , by showing the first aggressive act was the seizure of Kosztathat the Austrian national ship was used as a , prison , and , therefore , not entitled to the privileges of a . sanc tuary , and that Captain Ingraham had reason to believe that Koszta was about to bo taken away , pending the inquiry that had been instituted . Therefore the President cannot disapprove the course pursued by Captain Ingraham . " Captain Ingraham' 8 interposition wan , under the peculiar circumstances of the case , right and proper . "

      992 The Leader. C Sa ^^3ba^

      992 THE LEADER . C ^^ 3 ba ^

      Our Sanitary Condition. The Cholera Has ...

      OUR SANITARY CONDITION . The cholera has abated in Newcastle , in increasing in London , and is slowly spreading in Liverpool , mainly among emigrants . From Dublin there are somo cjisoh , and a few from Lcith . But both Ireland and Scotland are jih yet almost free from tho epidemic . " Somo four or five cases" of cholera are reported from Dublin , but no particulars are- given . A fatal cane of cholera occurred in Poland-street , St . James's , « 'ifter fifteen hours' illness . A death , registered diarrhoea , five days , and ICnglinh cholera , two ( Uivh , occurred on tho 8 th hint ., at It ) , ( Jarburton-streot , Fitzroy-nquaro . Six families roHido in tho bonne , which i » dirty and dilapidated . The batik yard jh in a very orFoimivo condition . ThereiH a filthy open privy in the front cellar ; the Hoil in on a level with tho floor .

      The deaths , daily , at Newcastle , have fallen to two . Tho total number of deaths from cholera and diarrhoea in Neweantle during the prOHonfc outbreak has been 1477 . In the Hani'j period ( viz ., tho fir « t forty-one < lay «) during tho prevalence of epidemic cholera there in 18 IU-2 , the number of tleathw whh 280 . Of the total number who have perished by the epidemic in Newcantlc , it appears that little more than onts-HU'vwith were under If ) yearn of ago , while onefourtounth wore above 60 years of age . Up to tins timo it would appear from the returns that about 1000 able- bodied pet-norm have been destroyed , Tho average

      age of all whose ages have been returned up to this time , is 33 £ years . ¦ . ¦ In Gateshead the number of deaths , during the week , has been 16 or 18 . " The total number of deaths from cholera and diarrhoea in Gateshead to the present date has been 498 . During the like period ( viz ., the first thirty-five days ) in 1831-2 , the deaths amounted to 144 . " In Liverpool , from the 8 th to the 10 th of October , there were 27 new cases of cholera—mostly among German emigrants , and some among the lower orders of the Irish living in the town . The later reports from the town have not been distinct in their statistics .

      In Stockton the cholera has been almost abated , owing to the active sanitary measures taken by the local authorities . In Coldinghanvby-Ayton the deaths , daily , have reached 3 . In Dunse , N . B ., they have averaged 1 each day . In Berlin , Stockholm , Copenhagen , and St . Petersburgh , and , in general , along the shores of the Baltic , the cholera has declined .

      The Revenue. No. I.—Am 1 Absteact Of The...

      THE REVENUE . No . I . —Am Absteact of the Net Pbojjuce of the Eevemtje of Great Britain-, in the Yeaes and Quarteks ended Oct . 10 , 1852 , and Oct . 10 , 1853 , showing the Incbease ok Decbease thereof . Years ended October 10 . 1852 ; 1853 . Increase . Decrease . £ £ £ £ Customs 18 , 713 , 510 19 , 075 , 029 361 , 519 Excise ... 13 , 370 , 305 13 , 743 , 073 372 , 768 Stamps 6 , 099 , 717 6 , 576 , 089 476 , 372 Taxes .. 3 , 143 , 892 3 , 171 , 051 27 , 159 Property Tax ......... 5 , 409 , 355 5 , 613 , 546 204 , 191 Post Office .. 996 , 000 1 , 041 , 000 45 , 000 Crown Lands 220 , 000 402 , 888 182 , 888 ... Miscellaneous ...... 292 , 295 182 , 262 ... 110 , 033 Total Ord . Revenue 43 , 245 , 074 49 , 804 , 938 1 , 669 , 897 110 , 033 Imprest and other Moneys 608 , 070 742 , 550 133 , 830 ... Repayments of Advances 911 , 673 1 , 529 , 631 618 , 008 Total Income '' , 765 , 417 , 52 , 077 , 169 ! 2 , 421 , 785 | 110 , 033 . Deduct Decrease : 110 , 033 Inerense on the Year 2 , 311 , 752 Quarters ended October 10 . 1352 . 1853 . Increase . Decrease . < £ £ £ £ Customs 5 , 03 G , S 09 5 , 157 , 476 120 , 667 Excise . " . 4 , 303 , 755 4 , 309 , 229 5 , 474 Stumps 1 , 529 , 421 1 , 628 , 163 93 , 742 Taxes 159 , 215 129 , 219 . . 29 , 998 Property Tax 1 , 015 , 581 1 , 940 , 043 24 , 467 PostOflicc 261 , 000 236 , 000 ... 26 , 000 Crown Lands 40 , 000 50 , 000 10 , 000 Miscellaneous 17 , 799 40 , 199 22 , 400 Total Ord . Revenue' 13 , 263 , 580 13 , 490 , 331 281 , 750 54 , 996 Imprest and other Moneys 137 , 996 121 , 757 ... 16 , 239 Kepaymeivtn of Advances 234 , 042 411 , 254 207 , 212 Total Income ' l 3 , 635 , 018 14 , 053 , 315 | 4 SS . 962 71 , 235 Deduct Decrease 71 , 235 Increase on the Quarter 417 , 727 No . II . —The Income and Chakok ov the Consolidated Fund , is the ( Juaktkkh exjikb Oct . 10 , 1852 and 1853 . Quartern ended October 10 . INCOME . 1852 . 1 H 53 . Ai . C CiiHtoinH 5 , 050 , 860 5 , 178 , 271 JOxcitw 4 , 313 , 501 4 , 319 , 259 . Stamps 1 , 520 , 421 1 , « 28 , 1 «» tixCH 159 , 215 129 , 210 Property Tax 1 , » 15 , 5 H 1 1 , 940 , 048 roKtOlllce 2 <> l , 00 (> 2 : ) 6 , (> t >(> Crown Lands 40 , 000 50 , 000 WiHccllancon . s 3 7 , 79 !) 40 , 199 Imprest and other Moneys 51 , 425 30 , 517 l'nxliice of the Siilo of Old Mtorcn 80 , 571 Rfi ' iilK ) KepiiymentH of Advances 234 , 012 411 , 254 13 , < Mf > , 511 | l'fc , 081 , 161 ) ___ miMUiK . 1852 . 1853 . Si Si IVirmniir al , Debt 5 , 424 , 557 5 , 406 , 821 J crminuble Aiiiniitics 1 , 303 , 402 1 , 302 , 595 HinkliiK Fund ; 4 . 'l ( f , 3 ( IO 81 ) 2 , 15 « ihoUvil liiHt ,.. ' . 99 , 382 99 , 540 Other Ohm-Kiiti on thoO > nnnlidaU : d Fund .., H 7 B . 24 H 4 !} H , 1 <> 7 I'or Aih-nnccn 388 , 835 814 , 1 ) 17 inwiriiHt , on JCxc ) ui (( u < tr IHHh , itmuptl to nmel tho Cluu- ^ o on Hi ,, (;<) itHolidti 1 . (!( l Fund .., 71 770 Total Chartfc ; . h , 030 , 9 J . 'J 8 , lUt , i ) 0 « H »« Hurphm r >/ M , fiflR 5 , 73 » , 17 J » . 13 , 005 , 511 14 , ( W 4 , 1 ( 1 »

      Tjik Woltfung Olahheh. Wk Commence Thin ...

      TJIK WOltfUNG OLAHHEH . Wk commence thin week vvit . li it , record of the poacoful HolutioiiH of dillcraicun between oiuployuni tind men . J ho dmputo between Mm Sundorlami slihwrightH and f Junr mtiHtoro \ m » been ncttlod by tho fixture of a 0 « . a wook W tho rogular wagon . Th < , Sheffield udiro-tool

      workers have got an advance of wages equal , say the masters , to 10 per cent . The workers at Barvrtn ' s foundry , in Sheffield , have struck because a man not belonging to their body is employed there . The Somersetshire shoemakers have generally obtained an advance of 12 per cent . The London masons" have got 5 s . per day for short time , and 5 s . 6 d . for lone time . The London carpenters have been generally successful in getting the advanced wages of 5 s . Qd . per day . The London saddlers have succeeded in shortening their time of labour by two -hours a 'day . As a step towards & final settlement , We are glad to note that the Preston operatives contemplate a Co-operative association . A circular issued by some of the men thus states the prospects of the proposed plan : —

      "To show the advantages which may be dei-ived from co-operative self-employment , even on a small scale , yre will take the case of a Co-operative Weaving Company established by working men a few years since . This company has 300 power-looms , which , after clearing all expenses , realized a clear profit of £ 800 during ; the last half-year . This sum amounts to 4 s . per week from , a pair of looms , and when the wages ana profits are added together , the co-operative weaver receives 14 s . or 15 s . from his two looms ; while , under the present system of working for others , 10 s . would be the amount of his earnings . THis amount of money has been Cleared by the weaving department alone . Had the company alluded to been able to spin

      their own weft and twist , their profits would have been treble , as it is well knoAvii that weft and yarn are dear demonstrated by the fact that whenever the employers are asked to give an advance to the weavers , their reply is' We are indifferent about pur looms j we can make more by selling our weft and twist ; and . were it not out of charity to the wea-vers , Our looms should stand . ' The cooperative company before-mentioned cleared 2 s . per loom weekly , which , for 1000 looms , would be £ 100 a . week : and if we suppose that spinning their own weft and twist would have been equally profitable , we have a concern making £ 200 per week , or £ 10 , 400 a-year , besides paving standard wages for labour . £ 10 , 400 a-year employed in the erection of manufactories would every four years build and stock a mill capable of preparing material for 1000 looms ; consequently , at the end of that time , we ' shotdd have machinery in motion which would clear £ 20 , S 00 a-year , wliich . sum would be doubled every four years : and-would , in a few years , erect mills and workshops in every town and village , which would give the co-operative labourer a position in the markets of the world that would ultimately raise him from the degradation and wages serfdom which have too long been his . lot . After long conskleration , we have concluded to establish Co-operative Mills , as the only permanent plan of elevating the labourer 'in the social scale ; the necessary funds to be raised in £ 10 shares , by weekly contributions of Gel . " The London basketmakers have formed a Co-operative Association . Various facts proving general prosperity turn up . Pauperism has much decreased in Wales . There are scarcely any ablebodied paupers in the Union workhouses . As a note of those who will be working men , we record the success of a Bagged School at Cork . The pupils number 300 , formerly veiy bad boys , and the promoters of the school are persons of different sects . As an instance of Irish jidvancement we gladly reprint the following from the Oidway Packet : — "It is with peculiar pleasure we notice the improved appearance of the peasantry on Sundays and holydays , tho

      surest signs of returning prosperity . Instead oi the ragged coat , the old hat , and broken shoes wliich marked tho period of 4 , hc famine , and stamped upon poor Paddy an nppooranco far from gratifying to his pride , a now suit from hoad to foot now rewards hia long-tried patience and hard struggle with adversity . No one could i'ail to obacrvo the strong inuHter of country people in our streets on Suiiday last , and tho chewing and gratifying appearance which tlwy presented ; the boys weiiring new and comfortable frieze and . corduroy , while tho girls displayed tliejv red and blue mantlesnicely trimmed capsund now bIiocs and stockings

      , , —artidcH of comfort which tho poor pwp lo wove long _ deprived of . From inquiries which w <> made in various quarters , we received but one reply , that tho country peop le wore never in no prosperous a condition as they aro < M > 1 > " sent ; tin iiKBumnce which in fully borne out by the cheering and comfortable appearance wluuU they present in our streets when they coimi to town . " An English measure fit to follow in our rocordu is that noted in yesterday ' s papers . —Industrial houooIh , i <> r and desolato

      the reception ami training of tho criminal children of Middlesex , aro rccomnicnded by the iiiagiHtrateH in a formal roHolution , passed unanhnonnly nt their meeting on Thurrtday , Tho low wages of working men in Home districts of England frimply proceed from their ignorance- of tho value of ' their own hwvicoh . lii a village of Wont Norfolk tho farm labourera are content to take \) h . - a week , while tho bibourorfj in the next parinh have struck ior 10 ^ . a woelc . In Lynn , JNorfolk , the wagon aro also {)/> . per week , while m i ^ i-

      coliiHhire tlioy aro lltt . and 12 . Y . f . " l 7 nnatiHfifid clumandH uro many . The domoiMl oi ti « J nolliwrn in tho Birmingham clititrict in an advnn « c . < n lw . per day , and a Hhortoning by two hours ol uio hourw of lal ) our . Their jirosoiit w « . g < 'fl aro f >» . P day . A "Timen correspondent oomplahw thftt « u collior ' H pitmen , finding that they can worn . a * . "juoli m four houi-H m formerly in uix 1 " > " «" , work only <> hoin-H , and bo make coal Hoaroo . ( Tho Hcarcj ( . y yl t «>" nago -rainod from ( Kv . per ton in Uio wpring M > i ^ - » the proHont rate- in another cuiho of tho dtM *»™* ° * coal . ) One thousand eix hundred weavorP and irW »« work knittere at Hickloy and tho wurrounding vtUngo *

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 15, 1853, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_15101853/page/8/