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![. ,^y^*rt5,1853.] .:;^KE;-t:EJ; .P ' g:B...](/static/media/periodicals/101-CLD-1853-10-15-001-SINGLE/Ar00702S_COv9542.png)
. ,^y^*rt5,1853.] .:;^KE;-t:EJ; .P ' g:B...
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AMERICAN STATESMANSHIP. MB. EVERETT ON T...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Our Seamen In The Northern Seas. The Des...
past eight A . M . ' ( Thursday , the 18 th ); and thenlashed Up jus boots , and said he would go and see how the ice was driving . He had only been gone about four minutes when I went round the same hiunmock under which , we were sheltered to look for him , and on returning to pur shelter saw his stick on the opposite side of a crack ; abbiit five fathoms ' wide , and the ice all breaking up . I then called out , 'M . ifeflot ! ' but no answer ( at this tune blowing very : heavy ) . / After this I again searched round , but could see nothing of him . I believe that when he got from the shelter the wind blew him into the crack , ¦! and his ' south- wester' being ; tied down , he could not riseJ" .. , . ' . ";'" . :
The man was asked , " Do you thinjk M- Bellot w , as afraid ? " and he answered " . No ; Sir . ; lie was a good officer . " Another man of the party states that Lieutenant Bellot made a remark to him-a short time before he was lost , saying nothing made him more happy than to think that he was not on shore , for knowing his duty as an officer he would see the last danger , adding that he would rather die here than be on shore to be saved . .. ¦ . ' . ; . ¦"' ' / ' ' . ¦ ¦ ' : ' . '¦ ' , ' . ' ' . ¦ ' . ; A very interesting letter describes the meeting be-: tween Lieutenant Pirn , of the Bcsolute , and Captain / M'Clure : — - ¦ ¦ ¦¦" ; ' : ¦' - ^'• - ¦ . ¦ . ¦ - . - " .,:. ¦¦ . ¦ . ¦ '¦¦ ¦ : ¦¦ ¦ I
" This is really a red-letter day in our voyage , and shall be kept as a holiday by our heirs and successors for ever . At nine o ' clock of this clay our look-out man made the signal for a party comingin from the westward j all went out to meet ¦ them and assist them in . A second party ¦ was then eeen . Dr . Domville was the ; first -person 11 met ; . I cannot describe my feelings when he told me that Captain M'Clure was among- , the next party . ' , I was not long in reaching him and giving him manyhearty shakes—no purer ; were ever given by two- men in : this ¦ world . M'Clure looks well , but is very hungry . ; His description of Pirn ' s making the Harbour of Mercy would have been a fine subject for the pen of Captain Marryat , ¦
were he alive . ¦ . ' ¦¦' ¦ : ¦ " :.- : - ' j . ¦ ¦ ' '¦¦ . ¦ - ¦ ¦ -- '¦• • " M'Glure and his first" lieutenant were walking onthe floe . Seeing a person csoming very fast towards them , they supposed he was chased by a bear , or hadiseen a bear ; Walked towards him ; on getting onwards a hundred yards , they could see from his proportions -: that he iwas not one of them . Pirn began to screech and throw up his hands ( his face as black as my hat ); this brought the captain and lieutenant to a stand , as they could not hear sufficiently to make out his 'language . > # ' "At lenerth Pim reached the -party , , quite beside himself ,
and stammered out , on ; M'Clure asking him , ' Wha are you , and where are you come from ?'— ' - ' lieutenant Pim , Herald , Captain Kcilelt . ' This was more inoxplicable to M'Clure , as I was the last person he shook hands with' in Boliring ' s Straits . He at length . found that this solitary stranger was a true Englishman—an angel of , light j ; he flajS : — < Hc soon was seen from the shi p ;• they had only one hatchway open , and the crew were fmrly jambed there , in their endeavour to get up . The sick jumped out , of their hammocks , and the crew forgot their despondency-in fact , all was changed on board the Invekti
The whole narrative shpws us that the Arctic ! 3 eas have afforded a naval school , in which our brave sailprs have learned their old lesson of , doing their duty with cheerful courage . ! [ It appeared by our report last week as if the Investigator had completed the North-west Passage . This was an error . Lieutenant Cresawefl , sent With dies * patches from the Investigator , completed the passage by a transit partly across the ice . V
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American Statesmanship. Mb. Everett On T...
AMERICAN STATESMANSHIP . MB . EVERETT ON THE ClTBA QUESTION . A very good specimen of the state papers , issued by American statesmen , is Mr . Everett ' s reply to Lord Tohn Russell ' s letter on the Cuba question . Mr . Everett , being no longer a Minister , writes in his private capacity , but expressly in answer to Lorrl John Russell ' s despatch . After stating calirily that American state papers , sneered at by the English newspapers for their length , are extended because American ministers expound their vipws > in thifl way and not by speeches , the writer defends the matter of Jug former despatch . ¦¦¦• . . ¦ ?
" Tlint sketch of the territorial changes which havo taken place on tliis continent during thfl lrtflt . century , wart intended as nn illustration of the . proposition , that , our entire hiwloiy shows it to bo chimerical to attenipt ; , in references to specific measures , to bind up for nil future time the di « - crohon of a Government established in a port of tho world of which ho much is still lying in a state of nature .,, I , had another motive . The public opinion of Christendom , created in a good degree by the , press , has become nn clo-Jnerit of great and increasing influence ni the eoncluct ( if international affnirn . ' Now , it in very much the habit' of a •• oiiHiderablo portion of tho European preftw to speak of tho steady and rapid oxton « ion of tlio territory of jt . ho - 'United Htuios aw tho indication of a crnaHhintf Hpirit on tlio rmut of
their Government and people . Tho Hubjoefc in . ' rarely alluded to by ono school of > transatlantic puhlic'wrifcCTH for unyoUuir purpose Thus tho tmblie , mi ml of fclio oivi ) iz (!( l Avorld inpoiHonnd fi ^ ninut us . . TliCTo iflinbt only irmnifoHtojl on tho p « rt of ; il (««« Avritcra . ksx ontiiroinB « riHiblHt . y ^ o ttin beauty ami ^ randflu r . oP tho work , that ih poirig on- ^ -jhorii bonofioonfc if jkihhUiIo to Europe than to uhj iin tl « v rolief It ; ih affording lioivr-lmt wo aro . iwtunlly held up ut tiinen oh ii nation of land pirates . It wa » partly iny object to comj . Aornct , UiIh diHpoHii . ion ; . to show tluit tniv growth had henn h natural growth ; tlmt oi « r most importunt tw ^ nssionH «{ f len-ritory had taken plrioe by Rieuinat-ioniJ ( . ra ^ siiflioiiH , t » which England , iFnincd , tuid Spain hu < l Ixron pnrti « i *; > iintl in other cohcm by tho operation ofcauoeai wJtioh iwcosBoiilv u » ilnenco tho ocauputian and eottlomout of ; an ^ jw country ,
instrict conformiiy with the laws of natiom ? , and not in violation of them . ' ¦ Mr . Everett then points out that the organization in the United States of the Cuban expedition } s fully paralleled by the permission accorded by the English Grovernment to Mazzini , Kossuth , and other refugees , to direct from London aggressions on foreign power . He does not defend the conduct of the expeditionary parties , and shows how they were discouraged by the President of the United States . He describes the Wtual state of Cuba : —
« There is , no doubt , widely prevalent m this country , a feehng that the people of Cuba are justly disaffected to the ; Government of Spam . A recent impartial French traveller , M . Ampere , confirms , ^ he impression . ; A 11 the ordinary political rights enjoyed in , free countries are denied to t ^ epeople , pf the island .. The Government is , in principle , the . worst form of despotism—viz ., absolute authority delegated to a military viceroy , and supported by an army frohi abroad . I speak of the nature of the Governmenf-, and not of the individuals by whom it is administered , for I have formed a very favourable opinion of the personal character of the present captain-general , as of one or two of his predecessors . Of the bad faith and the utter disregard of treaties with ; which this bad Government is administered , your committees on the . slave trade have spoken plainly enough at the late . session of Parliament . ^ Such being the tate of tWngs in Cuba , it does not seem to me
^ very extraordinary or reproachful , that throughout the United States a handful of misguided young men should be fiiund ready to join a party of foreigners , headed by a Spanish ; general , who was ready to persuade them , not as yoUviewit , 'by ' armed invasion , to excite the obedient to revolt , and the tranquil to disturbance / but , as they were Jed to believe , ; to aid an oppressed people in their struggles for freedom * There is no , reason to doubt that there are at this , moment as many persons , foreigners as well as natives , in Englanoi , . who entertain these feelings and opinions , ¦ ' as in . the TXnited Stages ; and if Great Britain lay at a distance of 110 miles from Cuba , instead of 3500 , you might not , with all your repressive force , find it easy to prevent a small steamer , disguised as a trading- vessel , from slfpping oiF fr
Mri Everett then cMracfcerizes the former conduct , in , respect of aggressjlons , of France and England—the two Ppwers wu ° now ask the United States to refrain fromstaking Cuba ¦ : ¦ , — : ' * Consider , too , the recent antecedents of the Powers that invite , us to disable ourselves to the ond of time from the : acquisition in any , way of this natural appendage to our Contijien , t . Prance . within the present century , to say nothing of ; the acquisition of Louisiana , has . wrested ft moiety of Europe from its native soverei g ns ; has possessed hersef ^ by force of arm ? , and at the time greatly to the discontent of England , of six hundred miles of the northern coast , of Africa ,, wjith an indefinite extension into tho interior ; and has , appropriated to herself ono of the most
important . insular groups of the Pacific . England , not to mention ;' tier other numerous recent acquisitions in every part of the globe , has , even since your despatch of the l < Hh of February was written , annexed half of the Burman Empire to her overgrown Indian possessions , on groundsif the statement ? of Mr ., Cobden ' s pamphlet are to be relied , upon—compared with which tho reasons assigned by Russia for invading Turkey nre respectable . Tho United States do not require to bo advised of 'the utility of , those rules for the observance of international relations which for centuries have been known to Europe by the name of tho law of nations . ' They arc'known and obeyed by us under tho samo venerable name . Certain circumstances in
our history havo paused thorn to bo studied more frenerally and more anxiously here than in Europe . From tho breaking out of the wars of tho French Revolution to tho year 1812 , tho United States knew the law of nations only aa the victims of its systematic violation by the great maritime Powers of Europe . For these violations on the part of England , prior to 1704 , indemnification was made under the seventh article of Jay ' s treaty . For similar injurios on tho part of Franco wo were compelled to accept an illusory act-off under tho Convention of 1800 . A few years' onl y elapsed : before a new warfare upon our neutral rightfl wrts eoinmonoed by tho two Powers . One hundred millions , at least , of American property woro Hwopt from .
tho seas under tho British orders in council , and tho 1 'Venoh ,.. Berlin , and Milan decrees ., Thcso orders and docrflos wero at tho timo reciprocally declared to be in contravention of tbo law of nationn by tlio two Powers themflqlvcfij ' eiwh sponking of the measures of tho other party . In 1831 , after tho generation of tlje ' original suflerors ' had sunk under their ruined fortunes to tho grave , Franco heknowlfifteeoVhor decrees to hav ' o boon of that character by a lato nnd partial nicnsiircf of indemnification . For our cnormouH loHses under tho British orders in council , wo not only never received indemnification , but tho H < wtrifi <; oH and Kuferinfffl of war woro added to tlutAo spolialionH on our , oommwort , ami , invosion of our noutrul riphts , wliicji Joel to its doclaratifliK TIioho ortlora wevo at iHo ihnn repnrdod by thp , jj ) in « downeH f . ho 33 arinjjfy , i \ u \ Broutrhamn , tho twhool
ond tho other cnli ^ htonod ^ ttt ^ omn ^ nOf to which you b ' «) lonc , as a violation of right and justico , »« welt iw of howxd fioMy '; and within a very ' few yoars tho prcjsoitt dfnUriguiflllcct I j o ' nl Cliiof . TiVstice , placed by yo ' ursdlf at , tho lionet ' of thd ( IrihimalH of England , has dc ^ clarod th at ''( . ho orrlorM in council woi'ft griovouflly unjunft to noutValrt , an < l it in now , jjfoiHsrally allowed tliat they woro contrary to the i law of . nations and our owji miinunpal law . ' That I call , my . fort ) ,-to borrow , your expression , 'a tuclancluHy av «>\ vnl ' for tho < : hi , « f of tho , jurispruclionw M a grt » atdmpiro—nets ¦ f ) fr }) 4 ^<) vnr <] ign authovity , ( pqu ^ jutonitiKrcd . b y , it < t I ' arjiamont , npri < lly excQiitod I > y its ileotfl ( V / i / tvery nna , enforced , in Mio Uourtfl of Adihirhlty by a mfiaiqtmlo whoso Itiarninir ami nlbqUonco iif'o ft ' moiiff tho tribderh gloirioa of . England ; poif-B » Mt «< l in till tho lawful e 6 mmWe < i ol * a noutral aiitl ' kihdreil nation ww ttmiihilated / 'ond pronouncoil by tho' bigheat
legal authority of the present day , contrary , not merely to the law of nations , but your own municipal law . " The conclusion of the letter is very good : — " You will not , I hope , misapprehend the spirit in which this letter is written . As an American citizen I do not covet the acquisition of Cuba , cither peaceably or by force of arms . When I cast my thoug hts back upon our brief Jhistory as a nation , I certainly am not led to think that the United States have reached the final limits of their growth , or , what comes to very much the same thing , that representative government , religious equality , the trial by jury , the * freedom of the press , and the other great attributes of our Anglo-Norman civinzation , are never to gain a farther extension on this continent . I regard , tho inquiry under what political organization this extension is . to . take place as a vain attempt to penetrate the
inscrutable mysteries of the future . It will , if we are wise , be under the guidance of our example . I hope it will be in virtue of the peaceful arts , by which well-governed States extend themselves over unsettled or partially settled continents . My voice was heard at the first opportunit y , in the Senate of the United States , in favour of developing the almost boundless resources of the territory already in our possession , rather than seeking to enlarge it by aggressive wars . Still I cannot think it reasonable—hardly respectful—on the part of England and France , while they are daily extending themselves on every shore and in every sea , and pushing their dominions by new conquests to the uttermoTst ends of the earth , to call upon the United States to bind themselves by a perpetual compact , never under any circumstances , to admit into the Union an island which lies at their doors , and commands the entrance into the interior of their continent . "
The dignified tone of this letter is in contrast to the ¦ tf shade of sarcasm" in Lord John ' s letter , the improper tone of which Mr . Everett calmly rebukes .
ME . MAECY ON THE KOSZTA AFFAIR . The Austrian Minister at Washington made the expected official demand for the extradition of Koszta , claiming him as still a subject of the Emperor . It also protested against the breach of international law committed by Captain Ingraham , in " threateningthe brig of his Imperial and royal apostolic Majesty , the Hussar , with a hostile attack . " To this document Mr . Marcy replies at great length . Koszta was one of Kossuth's companions at Kutayah . At the instigation of Austria he was exiled from thence , and came to the United States , selecting that country as his future home .
"On the 31 st of July , 1852 , he made a declaration under oathj * lbefore aproper tribunal , of his intention to become a citizen of the United States , and renounce allegiance to any other State . or Sovereign . After remaining hero one year and eleven months , ho returned on account , as is alleged , of private business of a temporary character , to Turkey , in an American vessel , claimed the rights of a naturalized American citizen , and offered to place himself under the protection of the United States Consul at Smyrna . The consul at first hesitated to recognise him as such , but afterwards , and sometime before his seizure , he and the American Charge d'Affaires , ad interim , at Constantinople , did extend protection to him , and furnished him with a tczlcereji
—a , kind of passport , or letter of safe conduct ., usually given by foreign consuls in Turkey to whom they extend protection , as by Turkish laws they have a right to do . It is important to observe that there is no exception taken to his conduct after his return to Turkey , and that Austria has not alleged that ho wna there for any political Object , or for any other purposo than tho transaction of private husiness . While waiting , as ia alleged , for an opportunity to return to tho Unitetl States , he waa seized hy a hand of lawless men—freely , perhaps harshly , characterised in tho despatches as ' ruffians , ' 'Greek hirelings , ' ' robbers' —who had not , nor did they protend to havo , any colour of
authority emanating from Turkey or Austria , treated with violence and cruelty , and thrown into tho sou . Immediately thereafter lie was taken up hy a boat's crew lying in wait for him , belonging to tho Austrian brig of war , Hussar , forced on board of that vessel , and there confined in irons . It is now avowed , as it was then suspected , that those desperadoes wero instigated to this outrage by tho Austrian Consul-General at Smyrna ; but it is not . pretended that ho acted under tho civil authority of Turkey , but on tho contrary it is admitted that , on application to tho Turkish governor at . Smyrna , that magistrate refused to grant tho Austrian Consul any authority to arrest Koszta . " Mr . Marcy then nslatox tho endeavours made hy thtJ American Consul to got Koszta released , and statoH that while an inquiry w ; in avowedly ponding an to tho diffpoaul of tho prisoner it came to tlio oars of Capt .-ii ; i Ingraham tlmt Kowzta wan to bo HurreptitiouHly removed to TrioHtu . I to , therefore , threatened to ubo force in contravention of the removal , and the result , was that Koazt ,: i . w ; ib placed in charge of tlio French CoiiHul General ut Smyrna . Mr . Marcy then di « - cuhroh tho principlcH involved in tho proceedings . JKirnt Btsvting the old theories of " allegiance , " indeatructiblo or only oliivngoable l \ y mutual consent , ho utittcH " the sounder imd more prevalont doctrine . "
"The citizen or subject ., having faithfully performed Mio past , and present duties , resulting from hi « relation to Mio Sovereign power , may at any timo release himself from tho obligations of allegiance , freely quit tho land of Ihh birth or adoption , neck through sill countvien a home , anrl-ocloct anywhere that which ofloVH him the fairest proHpoet < vf happitierts for himtwlf ami posterity . When the Bovoroign power , wherever it may bo placed , doos not nnawer tho end for which i ( , is hoHtovved—when it is not oxovted for tho general welfare of tho people , or has become oppressive to lnlrUyidualrt— -tliiH rl ) j h ( , to withdraw restH on an firm abatu » , ana ia similar in principle to tho ri g ht which legitunimja toejistohco to tyranny , "
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 15, 1853, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_15101853/page/7/
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