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SURVEY OF THE WAR. The immediate operati...
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CANDIDATES FOR ITALY. Diplomacy is the s...
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Our French Partner's Monev Matters. Ave ...
more assistance to those of her commercial friends there who might bo endangered . When France has carried out free trade thoroughly , then her position might become the same as our own , and she would be one of the most effective partners in the vast joint-stock company of the world . But she has much to do before that da )' .
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Survey Of The War. The Immediate Operati...
SURVEY OF THE WAR . The immediate operations at the seat of war a ^ ain furnish material for boundless speculation . The question discussed is not only Avhat are the Allies doing , but what are they going to do ? We cannot follow far in this track ; we cannot pretend to divine the intentions of the commanders ; we can only do , as we have done before , bring under the notice of the reader such new facts , or such old facts confirmed by new evidence , as may enable them to form an opinion as well as ourselves .
The first thing to remark , is that the war 1 ms been carried beyond the Crimea . AVith whatever intent , ami that intent has not yet boon disclosed , an Allied squadron , consisting of nine line-of-battle ships , twenty-eight steamers , and nine gunboats , left Kainiesch on the 7 th October and anchored before Odessa the next day . The Ministerial Globe promised us an immediate
bombardment , but , so far as the public are informed , that event has not yet taken place . Another report , derived from a questionable source . Speaks of the fleet as subsequently threatening Otchakof and the estuary of the Dnieper . The next fact to be noticed is the extension of tho French positions in the Baidar Valley to the north side of the ridge overlooking Markoul and Koluluz . They were therefore
complete masters of the Baidar Valley and the passes leading to the north . Taking a bii'd ' s-cye view of the positions , we see the advanced i ^ osts of the Allies stretching from the right over Markoul , through Ozembash on their left , and thence by the line of the Tchernaya to the plateau of Sebastopol . We shall see the line of the Russians with its extreme right at
Fort Coustantine , its centre on the inkerman heights , its left behind the Mackenzie ridge , and its extreme left near Markoul . "We shall see the outposta of the belligerents facing each other on the right of the Allies , and engaged in constant skirmishes in the valley of tho Upper Belbck , and on the banks of the Uppor IVhuliu . We shall see the Russian battery at Inkornuan iiring " pot shots" at the French on the Tehernaya , and the
batteries established in Sebastopol engaging those on the north side . Over the plateau of Sebastopol , in tho valley of tho Tehernaya and the valley of Baidar , we shall ace the soldiers buaily engaged in drilling and roadmaking . The third point attracting attention is Eupatoria . Hero there arc possibly 10 , 000 ov 50 , 000 men , with two British cavalry regiments , and a division of French horsu . The activity of tho latU > r is indicated by their s > uecchs on the 20 th of September , when General D'AiiiiONvu ^ K do Touted General Kouf , and
captured six guns ; ami by a recent move along the road to Perokop . Combining those operations wo got ; this result : tho French have outflanked the enemy ' s loft anil gained tho valley of tho Upper Belbek . Should this movement be continued , it is reasonable to suppose that tho Kussians would fall back upon tho deiiles of Mangup-Kuleh nml Albat ; nnd thus their left would face to tho east and occupy these defiles , which are in fact little more than tho bods of winter torrents , cut deeply in the ranges of cliff-like hills that run from Aitodor in a northerly- direction to
Baktchiis menaced , and a strong force is within three days' march of his line of communication with Russia . Simpheropol is now the strategic centre of the Crimea , and he who can hold that wins the victory . The expedition to Odessa is necessarily purely naval ; the bombardment of that town would be a positive gain , as well as a strong diversion : the threatening movements of the fleet on the coast would constitute a diversion solely , but a diversion of considerable importance .
Serai . What further movement the French can make in this direction remains to be seen ; but Prince Gobtschakoff reports that he has this week been beaten at Koluluz and Janisala . But we must take this in connexion with the occupation of Eupatoria in force , if we would estimate the pressure thus brought to bear on the enemy . And then we see that while the North side is bombarded daily , the left flank of the enemy
The value of Odessa to Southern Russia is almost as great as the value of Sebastopol . Odessa is the commercial capital of Southern liussia , and the emporium of her trade . Founded in 1792 by Catherine , stimulated by many privileges , supplying a great social as well as a great political want in those regions , Odessa has sprung up into a flourishing city , the pride of the Cz . vit . It is also a great military station . To destroy it , therefore , would be to inflict almost as heavy a blow on the power of Russia in the Euxine as was inflicted by the destruction of
Sebastopol . We trust , therefore , that it is not only doomed , but that its doom will usefully affect the operations in the Crimea .
Candidates For Italy. Diplomacy Is The S...
CANDIDATES FOR ITALY . Diplomacy is the snfefcy-valve of despotism . King Bomba bad worked his police-machine at high pressure , until Austria feared the effect of an explosion upon her Lombard provinces . Thereupon , three powers intervened —and the Bourbon dismissed his accomplice . Naples , for the present , is at peace . The British squadrons , hovering off the Bay of Beauty , will not enter , lest the people should accept tho event as the signal of revolution . Fekdinaxu , meanwhile , unable to employ Mazza as a minister , trusts to him as a private adviser . There has been onlv one
reform in Naples : tho King was a ferocious bravo ; he is m >\ v a ferocious hypocrite . To Italians , therefore , the situation appears unchanged . The Neapolitans remain the victims of an abusing tyranny . The Lombard provinces , drained by Austrian avarice and scourged by Austrian brutality , only await an opportunity to detach themselves from tho Hapsburg Empire . Rome is repeating the days of 1847 . But in Naples especially , all parties regard the dynasty of the Bourbons
as ellelo , and look anxiously for its successor . At this point the Muratists present their iilea . They propose to seat on the throne of Bomij . v a inuii whose sole claim is that his uncle was a usurper , false , moan , and tyrannical . But contempt does not suilicc to extinguish contemptible pretensions . Mun . vT , indolent and weak , is a desperate egotist ; necessarily , because ho is of tho Bonaparte blood , anil h »* , perhaps , a star . It is , therefore , important to quench his faction before
the final moment arrives . Indeed , to accomplish this , it is only necessary that the patriotic ltiiliuna should unite . They represent all that id intelligent , independent , manly , in the peninsula . The Napoleonic section is composed only of unscrupulous or infatuated adventurers , scheming upon a contingency , with not a chance of success except through the disunion and iuiirmity of purpose upon which they rely to deprive the real Itnlian party of its hold upon tho disaffected nation .
The recent acts of Manist and his friends have produced great consternation among the Muratists in France and JSTaples . It was imagined that the Venetian president and the Republicans throughout Italy , by disavowing the constitutionalism of Piedmont , would divide the ranks of the Italian nationality , and open the way to a Bonapartist pretender . Maoist , however , with a patriotism in harmony with his character , has chosen the better part . He knows that it would be impossible , and unwise were it possible , to disafiect the Piedmontese towards their
throne . Our readers have already seen the letter , published first in the Op ' mione of Turin , iu which he prefers an alliance between the democratic and constitutionalist parties . In that letter it is well said that the Piedmontese , in order to deserve the support of Italy , must entertain national , and not municipal feelings . If the rallying of the Italians round the Sardinian flagbe viewed merely as au aggrandisement of their King , or as a tribute to their importance , the Republicans can . offer
no countenance to a policy so selfish ; but if Yictok . Emm . ajsuel's subjects , loyally valuing the independence of the Italian nation , put aside all considerations of egotism and the indolence of apathy to assert the principle of a free national life , they will draw to themselves the sympathy , the respect , and the aid of every man who has the liberties of Italy at heart . Maxi >' , referring to the Muratist intrigues , and to the declaration of ErcciAHDi , has addressed to the editor of the Siccle the following letter : —
" A pr ,. pr > s of a pamphlet about to appear tinder the title . The Italian Question—Mural and the Bourbons , you have published the declaration of M . J . Ricciardi . Be good enough to add mine , which i 3 tin s : — " Faithful to my principle—Italian Independence and Unit 3- —I repel e % * ery scheme that assails it . If regenerated Italy must have a king , she can have only one , and that one must be the King of Piedmont . "
Without passion , without personal antipathy , there is enough to condemn the idea of a Muratist kingdom in Naples . In the first place , it would vitiate essentially the priuciple of an Italian revolution . "War against Austria , against the Bourbons , against the Pope , against the despicable Duke of Tuscvxy , would be illogical and fruitless , unless it were a war of
independence . To vindicate and to preserve that independence , the Italians must be united , which can never be the case while rival governments rule the peninsula—especially if one of them should be an alien , with the traditions of a disgraceful period , identified with conquest , usurpation , treachery . Muratisni , not mad enough to propose itself as tho sulo successor of the
Austrians , priests , and Bourbons , tends to establish a political dualism , fatal of course to the idea of Italian unity , and dangerous to the integrity of the peninsula . A region , quartered in . small divisions among various governments is a mark for military aggression . Such has Italy been . Such would Muratism compel it to continue . But its patriots have other aims : they desire to root out those foreign influences which have converted the loveliest land iu Europe into an arena for conflicting armies of occupation , for reckless pretender * , for Austriaus , Bourbons , and
Bonapartifits . Even conceding tho possibility , which Jin * not yet boon established , that two kings ot tho north imd south of Italy could co-opcpnto for a time to keep out the Austrian : ) , it w oovious that causes of anU-oniani would exibt from tho first . - Vs ft Bonaparte , Mvuai . inuftfc govern upon Bonapartist ™™™ - Naples could not be the 8 U o ofl'la ^ cc . He institutions must be »* f ! J °£ '" ^_ ever illusion mig ht bo created , to iboao os
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 13, 1855, page 13, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_13101855/page/13/
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