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    • No. 464, Fkbrtjary 12, 1659.] | \<_>. ...

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    THE " PARLIAMENTARY ^ AND THE •• ¦ ¦¦ ¦¦...

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    jfintlrte.

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    TIIE BEITISH iiJSTIltJTiON. ' ALTHOtJGH ...

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    Geemant.. (From Our Own Correspondenly ....

    r " ,, P iTsiTnificant example in the treatment which the w J town Bremen has lately received from the Zoll-Ha •„ On ttts . river . ( Weser ) the tolls of the States V which i runsV-Hanover , Hesse-Cassel , and Prsfi- ^ er ? just as oppressive ' and ruinous to its P winn as those on the Elbe . Those tolls have , SJSSTbeS- suspended for ten gears by a convention ¦ ' SSed between the riverain States pn the 26 th of Staaxy ' 1856 ; but for that suspension Bremen has had fn « av dearly . Entirely surrounded by the Zollverem , Bremeiras ^ consideration for the suspension of the Weser foils has been compelled to submit to the restrictive com mercial policy of that hurtful confederacy , has been Sd to allow of the establishment of its customn oufes ^ vithin its time-honoured free waHs . to become an incorporated part of the territory of the ' German Customs Union , and to acknowledge the right of its S mers to repress commerce within its small circle As yet this pressure of Bremen into the Zollverein does not include Bremer Haven , the port of Bremen for Se shipping , which lies some sixty miles further down the estuary of the Weser . " . , The Haven lies some sixty miles below Bremen , but the former can hardly be said to lie in the estuary of the Weser : B remen itself most decidedly does not , for the banks of the river where it runs through the city are almost within a stone ' s throw of each other . . " That entrepot ( Bremer Haven ) still retains the freedom of commerce which for centuries was the pride of Bremen itself . But the Convention of 1856 , whereby the tolls on the Upper Weser were suspended , is a temporary arrangement only . That Convention remains hanging over the prospects of Bremer Haven , like a cloud ready to burst in 1866 , when the price to be demanded for its renewal may , and probably will , be tne complete absorption of Bremen—Bremer Haven and all —into the Zollverein . Thus ' bad begins , worse remains behind . '" " The value of the foregoing extracts may be summed up in the expressive monosyllable , Pudge ! If the concluding quotation had been placed at the head of the article , there would have been then , one bit of pure Die oi niuUii

    truth in it ; as it stands , it is a jum ; »» uu statistical facts . In the first place , Hamburg is not the only town that has resisted the pressure of the Zollverein , for the Hanse tpwn Bremen is at this moment as free as ever she " was with regard to trade ; and it is my private opinion that the S ^ j * te of Bremen , headed by a matt whose patriotism and unwearied industry and disinterestedness hi the service of . his little commonwealth deserve a wider fame , the late Chief Burgomaster Smidfc , the founder of the port of Bremer Haven , did more to resist whatever pressure there was than tne town of Hamburg . There is not one word of truth in the assertion that Bremen has become an incorporated part of the Zollverein , or thatdouaniers interfere in any manner with the trade , pf Bremen itself . Bremen is _ na ev « ry respect a free and independent territory . I he Bremen authorities have , indeed , permitted a few out * lying hamlets , of no importance whatever , to be incorporated with the Zollverein lands , just to round off , as it were , the borders , and to facilitate the repression of smuggling . The authorities have also allowed the officers of the Zollverein to pursue smugglers within the Bremen territory , and this they have tolerated not from fear or pressure , but simply in the interest of their own legitimate commerce , which depends upon fair and extensive trading , not upon petty smuggling . : ^ As to the establishment of custom-houses within the Bremen territory , I would call the attention of the Articles i oi

    writer in the Daily News to o ana ^ Convention referred to , and which appears to have been 80 ill understood . Article 6 is to this effect : to give to the trade between Bremen and the territories of the Zollverein such facilities as may bo conveniently allowed without danger to the interests of the Zollverein , it is agreed that a custom-house shall bo built in tho city of Bremen where goods intended for tho ZoUvorein lands may bo valued and tho duty levied upon thorn so as to obviate tho necessity of further inspection or detention . Article 7 is to tho offoct that , to facilitate tho sale of goods from tho Zollvorein lands to . other countriesnamely , across the soa—a dopOt shall bo built , and placed undor tho control of tho chief oustom-houso mentioned in Article 6 . In this depot , manufactures of tho Zpllvoroin , or foreign goods which have paid duty to tho Zollvoroin , shall be warehoused , and may there bo repacked , assorted , or divided into separate parcels according to the wish and convenience of tho owners , and may thereupon bo sent agAin into tho Zollvoroin lands without any obstacles whatever . Tho management of tho depot will devolve upon the free oity of Bremen , which undertakes to oroct and maintain tho necessary buildings at its own ohargo . Tho warehouses « greod upon in the abovo Convention Wo now completed , and tneso conveniences , as they really and simply are , have undoubtedly led tho writer of tho article in tUo Daily News into the bolief that they wore ouBtom-houses in which goods intondod for Bremen are taxed . It muat bo evident that . lt is a groat convenience to have tho goods examined , and tho duty levied at the outset , rather than on the borders--the goods axe saved from probable damage , and the railway passengers from an annoying detention . The Zollvoroin depot mentioned in Article 7 la used as n store for Zollvoroin

    oods which , if unsaleable , may be returned without S eing subject to duty . It is needless to observe further hat it is also a great advantage for the German manufacturers to have a Government depot for their wares in the seaport of Bremen , and that it is just as advantageous for Bremen to have a . great variety and choice of articles that her buyers may suit all their wants upon one and the same spot . The trade of Bremen is no more affected by the Zollverein than is that of Hamburg . The same applies to Bremer Haven and all other places belohfrinff to the Republic of Bremen . For this state of thingsrto Bremen alone the merit is due . She owes as little to the Verein as Hamburg . _ I have nothing to report of the Bavarian Parliament ; The discussions are either carried on in secret , or , as I believe is the case , they are afraid to discuss , the members thinking , possibly , that better a Parliament without discussions than discussions without a Parliament . The King having refused to open the Chambers with a speech from the throne , the opportunity to express the wishes and requirements of the country in an address was not afforded them . Some of the most resolute Liberals proposed presenting an address notwithstanding . The majority , however , decided against doing so . This resolution on the part of the majority is considered by some as evidence of an inclination to submit to the will of the King . Shall we have peace or shall we have war . has been the great question of the week . It would be of little use or interest to you * readers to give the various opinions vented by the press as to the probabilities and consequences , but this is certain , and worthy of note , although possibly of no great importance in itself , that the press and public of Germany are unanimously in favour of Austria against France and Italy . If the Germans were never of one mind before , I think they may be truly considered so upon this point ; and I doubt very much whether Louis Napoleon would succeed in dividing them . There is little chance of a second Rhine Bund . If the Emperor had any admirers or sympathisers in Germany before , he has lost them within the last few weeks . .

    • No. 464, Fkbrtjary 12, 1659.] | \<_>. ...

    • No . 464 , Fkbrtjary 12 , 1659 . ] | \<_> . _ E \ - » tE . - » - . * - « -f- ^ - r - *¦ — s _ J ,

    the LEADEH . _ _ _ .. ¦ '¦ ¦ : _ ' _¦ .:.. __ -. —i _/ 21 j * : '

    The " Parliamentary ^ And The •• ¦ ¦¦ ¦¦...

    THE " PARLIAMENTARY ^ AND THE ¦ ¦¦ ¦¦¦¦ . «« BOARDS" MAIN DRAINAGE . £ 1 , 000 , 000 against £ 3 , 000 , 000 . To the Editor qf the Leader . Sir , —The last report of the Reg istrar-General conr eludes with very important e arnings , which forcibly confirm tliat which was urged upon the Government in letters published in 1846 , viz .: — One of the earliest commands given to man was , that refuse should be carried a-field , and should be put underground . The fertility which would be caused thereby would naturally attract attention , and induce that preservation and application to agricultural purposes which has been continued among the Chinese , and which Liebig and others have taught us to adopt in Europe . There is , no doubt , a beneficent arrangement of Providence ( agreeing with the ancient command alluded to ) , and therefore the withholding from the land its due may be naturally expected to act most injuriously , both on the land , and also on the water and air , which improperly receive that which should fertilise the soil . The inhabitants of towns now so largely exceed the rural population , that the extravagant waste which exists on the part of the former must bring want as its natural consequence . English farmers depending upon foreign manure will not be able to compete with rivals , whose fertilising substances are economised by every

    neigiiuouiiuy vuwu . t Professor Liebig has again called attention to the urgent necessity which exists for England to use , as manure , the residues produced by its large cities . The plan which was specially designed , perfected , nnd prosecuted , with the view of removing and utilising the metropolitan sewage , was spoken of , by the Government itself , as a comprehensive plan for the drainage of the metropolis , which was under the attention of Government , tho accomplishment do pending on the retention of the present sewage o the m etropolis . This plan , consisting of two intercepting sewers , was embodied in tho Sewers Acta of 1848 . Lord Seymour stated to the House of Commons that this «< plan , which proposed that there should be two tunnols-r-ono on each side of the Thames— -to receive tho drainage of the metropolis , had been fully approvod by tho committee " to wlu ' oh it had been referred ; tho Government subsequently informed Parliament that the works which , were urgently required wore " tho two great outfall drains , one on the north and tho othor on the south side of the river 5 " , in 1855 , tho Government informed a deputation that tho works to bo formed wore " two main intercepting sewers , one on each side of the river Thames . " It oan be satisfactorily proved that this Parliamentary plan will effectually relieve the Houses of Parliament , the Thames , and the metropolis » that it can be executed at about one milion sterling ; that it is , in every respect , suporior'to tho Board ' s threemillion scheme , and that the Board has , on twelve different occasions evaded and refused an inquiry Into this less expensive and preferable plan . Yours , & c , J . J . MooKHvrooD .

    Jfintlrte.

    jfintlrte .

    Tiie Beitish Iijstiltjtion. ' Althotjgh ...

    TIIE BEITISH iiJSTIltJTiON . ' ALTHOtJGH this year ' s exhibition is not particularly rich in . good works , it contains an amply , -sufficient number of them to repay the visitor ' s attention-j and the first pictures of the season , like its earliest flowers , have a special charm and attraction . Maiay are very good , and for the rest we shall do better in seeking for their beauties than their defects . Sweeping condemnations are always unjust , as well as injurious . ¦'¦ ' . ¦ ¦ . "¦ _• ' _ ¦ •_ . ' ¦ Two things maybe noticed m praise of . the present exhibition . One is the very small number of portraits , the other , that many of the paintings are behind glass . There is good authority for the opinion that all valuable pictures ought to be thus protected from dirt , damp , and foul air , especially in cities . i ' _ v To begin with No . 1 : — " Sardis , " a high-class work , by Mr . Harry Johnson , has some rich colouring in distance and good effect " of light , with a . certain hardness and crude green in the foreground . The same may be said of No . 478 , by the same painter , an Alpine scene in earlier evening . No . i , " The Sand-pit Road , by Redgrave , R , A ., and N o . 6 , " Venetian Fishing Craft , " by E . W . Cooke , A . R . A ., are both small works , the only contributions of their respective painters , and neither ot them remarkable for excellence . No . 18 , " Saltarello Romano , " by R . Buckner , has merit , but the colour - in « - is dingy . Mr . Buckner ' sother work , a portrait , is quite a contrast in this respect . No . 19 , by T . Sidney Cooper -A . R . A ., is little short of reprehensible . « L'Allegro , " by W . B . Frost , A . R . A ., a repetition of a work formerly exhibited at the Royal Academy , is in the usual style of the painter D . Roberts , R . A ., exhibits two pictures ( 26 and 173 ) , both rather inferior to his ordinary productions . No . 37 , " Inver Canoch , Inverness-shire , _ by J Holland , is a noticeable landscape , which takes in a great breadth of moorland , and evinces considerable power and originality . i We much admire this artist ' s little bit of " Rotterdam ( 262 ) , but his Venetian picture ^ to o _ sketch ^ STo . 36 is a nice portrait by H . Weigall . / 'Thistles ( 38 ) , by T . Worsey , shows some good and caretul painting , though a little tameness and want ^ ¦ variety in colour . E . A . Goodall ' s " Interior of a Cabaret" ( 40 ) is well painted ; the colouring is too much that of an old picture , but to some tastes this may be a recommendation . In Mr . G- Fettitts " Lake Lugano" ( 43 ) , the gilding sunlight is good , and the magnificent view of the Helvellyn range from under Place Fell , by the same artist , is truthful and imposing . The dark , cold , lake and the stony foreground are most effectively painted . ' A . Je . ep at Mature , " North Wales ( 484 ) , by O . Pettitt , a younger member of this artistic clan , is sharp , clear , and cold as the chips of stone it so truthfully renders . No . 44 is "An English Valley , by J ± . Jutsum : very beautiful , but much injured by contrast with the colours of surrounding pictures ; JVL and 526 , by this artist , are also worthy of attention and praise . T . S . Robins has some good fishing-boats ( 42 ) . In No . 50 , " Dos Ami {? os , R . Ansdell , the woman ' s yellow kerchief against the blue and blue-green of the sky is cold , harsh , and unpleasant , and the opposite corner looks very tame by contrast . The composition is not more agreeable than the colouring ; the horse ' s head and the mule s cars are surely over long . Mr . Ansdell s otnor work , " Isla Major" ( 347 ) , makes a better picture , but he must guard against stiff and hard ^ drawing t the gigantic cattle scorn to luck the softness and fLoxiEiffty of life . No . 54 , "Hush , " by A Irovis , is very pretty indooa . Mr J / Gilbert ' s "Mstaft and his " half-dozen of sufficient men' ( 06 , ) , a a disappointing and decidedly unpleasant pjuio . Patolqa of ° rcd , blue , and . ycllcW in {•^ ediat ° juxtaposition , and a profusion of muddy olive , ire by no means refined colouring ; and « w fls »«» are not character , but cuncu ' luros The fat undigninod knight himself is porhaps the boat of tlSm ; a big , lurly brute , o mature ago , is ideutifiod as Bullc " ilf . by a oali-slun doublet I It may be doubted whether , a melon and a pomogiwate nro probable accessories . Wo believe Mr . Gilbert will Wit neither tho public taste nor his own deputation by exhibiting such o ^ lossly-oonooivod and ooarsoly-colourcd works tvs tins . Ho has done good service by his clover and dashing woodcut arawinsrs . especially to tho lower classes , in . whom , tho outa u oWp' publiqatious Uuvo greatly to » dod

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Feb. 12, 1859, page 21, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_12021859/page/21/