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Leader (1850-1860), 11th November 1854, Edition Country of 2, Page 4, Oub Gallant Fellows,—Two seamen, named C...

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      1q60 The Leader. [Saturday,

      1 Q 60 THE LEADER . [ Saturday ,

      The Sub-Division Of Land. [8 A System Of...

      THE SUB-DIVISION OF LAND . [ 8 a system of small holdings of land a good thing ? Hie question has been answered in the negative so often , and so authoritatively , that opinion on the point has been in danger of being extinguished . What if a new aspect has been given to the subject by the result of statistical inquiry in two different countries . The Nation reproduces the question from the Northern Whig ( an able and " safe" paper ) , which indicates the beneficial result of the small holding system in Ulster : —

      " We find the county of Down to be one of those counties in which , the small holding system is carried to the greatest extent ( the greatest , we believe , with , the exception of the county Armagh ); in which , also , the average ef population bears the largest proportion to the area ; and , in connexion with these circumstances , cultivation and production rank the highest , and , at the same lime , the smallest amount of destitution is indicated among its population . " This county contains a total area of 611 , 130 statute acres . Of this area , there are 87 , 399 acres returned as bogs , waste ^ water , woods , and plantations , leading 523 , 731 arable acres . We find this area divided into 30 , 683 holdings ; and , of these , there are 26 , 309 which

      do not exceed 30 acres in extent , and only 1257 in . the class of 100 acres . The largest number of any one class , is that of from 5 . to 15 acres , containing 12 , 785 holdings ; and , if -we divide the wnole arable acres by the number of holdings , the average obtained is 17 A acres . We find that the whole number of acres in cultivated crops , is 317 , 007—a . quantity something above one half of the ¦ whole productive acres— -and of this , there are 187 , 410 nacres in corn , peas , and beans , yielding a produce estimated at 129 , 883 tons . The population of the county of Down , "by the census of 1854 , is 328 , 754 , being at the rate of only about one and a half acres to each head . The poor law valuation of 1851 , is 637 , 988 / ., about the average of 24 s . to the acre .

      " we shall now compare these statistics of the county of Down with those of the county of Tipperary , -which we select as possessing some of the finest lands of Ireland , and the land divided into holdings of much larger extent . The whole area of the county of Tipperary is 1 , 048 , 969 statute acres , of which 187 , 846 are returned as bog , waste , water , woods , and plantations , leaving 861 , 123 as arable acres . This is more than one balf larger than the county of Down , yet the number of holdings is only 27 , 030 , whilst Down is divided into thirty thousand holdings , and the average of Tipperary is thirty-five acres , while that of Down is only about seventeen . We shall next compare the cultivation and production . The whole cultivated lands in cereal and

      green crops , amount to 313 , 796 acres in Tipperary ., bearing a proportion to the arable area of little more than one third—whilst in Down the proportion is more than one half . Of the above , there are ia corn , peas , and beans 159 , 715 acres , and the production is estimated at 123 , 419 tons , whilst in Down , both the number of acres and the number of tons is larger than in Tipperary , notwithstanding the area of Down being so much smaller in extent . The population in Tipperary , by census of 1851 , is 331 , 487 , giving to each head 2 j [ acres , and the valuation 618 , 148 ? ., being at the average of only 14 s per . acre , -whilst in Down it is 24 s ., or more than one half higher . Here is a conclusive test of the superior cultivation in the county of Down , because it is an indisputable fact that tho natural quality of the lands of Tipperary

      vastly exceeds that of the county of Down . Now , how has this increased value been created ? Wo answer , solely by tho industry and capital of the small holders of Down . Space does not permit us to make similar comparisons with regard to Antrim and Armagh , lmt tho general results will confirm tho same conclusions , more especially with regard to Armagh , where the averago eizo of tho farmers , as compared with the arable area , is only about 12 acres , and only about 1 J acres to each head of population . In tho county Antrim , tlio average size of holdings ia about 26 acres , and tho average acres to each head of population ( if the town of Belfast bo excluded ) are a little moro than two acres , being a larger proportion of land to population thun either of tho other two counties . "

      Again , the effect of minuto subdivision in tho vnlue nnd product of landed property in France is made tho subject of inquiry by the Siicle , Tho matter ia thus argued statistically : — u Tho constant enomios of our groat revolution do not cqiisq , amongst thoir piissioimto and unjust attnclts on all thnt wait ostabHrthod and rootod amongst us by 1789 , to assail with bittornuss tho Bystem of an equal division of an Inheritance amongst all tho children of tho same futhor . ' It is tho ruin of Franco . ' they Hay : « tho ruin

      of agriculture — misery and famine for over o » tnbliuhod in the country . Hurrah ! ' they add , ' for larpjo fnrm » — for ostates as largo an provinces , aucli as wore formerly possessed by nobles and monks ! ' We have often admired tho impudence of theme , complaints , and it in by fl / jures that wo will now reply to thorn , and avenge what ia poThaps tho greatest , conquest of nil the eighteenth contury . We know that tho bad tree could alone produce bad fruit , and that principles of juatico and truth could not fail to open tho path to tho progrons , hnppiunsH , and intellectual and material advancement of nations .

      We have accordingly sought the effect of the indefinite parcelling out of lands , on the number of the population , on its welfare , on taxation , and on the yield of the earth tself . Land is not everywhere in France divided into infinitely small parcels ; in the south it is divided into portions double those of the north , and in the centre it is not divided in the same proportion as in the north and south . This providential inequality will supply us with precious points of comparison . " The following is the proportion for each landowner in which property is divided : —In the North , three hectares , the North Centre 5 . 20 hectares , the South Centre 5 . 66 , and the South 6 . 76 . Thus the property is one half more divided in the north than the south , and consequently the population is there almost

      one half more dense . There were in 1832 in the Northern Region 4 , 063 , 018 landowners , in the Worth Centre 1 , 402 , 515 , the South Centre 2 , 203 , 917 , and the South 2 , 261 , 192 . And note that the superficies of the Northern Region is only 6 , 638 square leagues , whilst the Southern Region is 7 , 676 square leagues . Now , do you wish to know what was the revenue from land on which the tax was imposed in 1832 ? In the Northern Region it was l , 175 , 113 , 0 O 0 f ., the North Centre 655 , 306 , OOOf ., the South Centre 562 , 937 , 000 f ., and the South 708 , 258 , 000 ^ Assuredly it will not be pretended the North is more fertile than the South ; whence , then , arises the difference in the amount of revenue ? It can arise , in our opinion , from nothing else than the difference ha the division of land . "

      Our Civilisation. " Temple" Morals Have ...

      OUR CIVILISATION . " Temple" morals have been illustrated by a curious Guildhall case . Giovanni Meitani , a " courier , " was charged with assaulting MEt . Sydney Stanbridge , of No . 2 , Paperbuildings , Temple , under the following circumstances : — Mr . Stanbridge stated thai , between five and six o ' clock on Friday evening , he was about entering his chambers , - when the prisoner , whom he observed on the landing , grappled with him , and in the struggle he ( prosecutor ) saw prisoner feel in the breast « f his coat , as if fox some weapon to strike him with , and he therefore made his escape down stairs . The prisoner followed him , but did not catch him . During the scuffle , prosecutor

      received a blow on the mouth . Alderman Rose inquired if he could account for the prisoner ' s attack upon Mm ?—Mr . Stanbxidge said he could , but it was a curious story . The fact was , a lady came to stay at his chambers , and the prisoner came with her as her servant , but not approving of the prisoner ' s conduct , on account of his acting the spy upon all his actions , he discharged him , upon which the prisoner charged Mm with keeping bis wife from him . —Alderman Rose asked Mr . Stanbridge if he was living with the lady in question ?—Mr . Stanbridge said the lady was staying at his chambers . —Alderman Rose requested Mr . Stanbridge to understand his question . He wished to know if he ( prosecutor ) was living with the lady?—Mr . Stanbridge admitted that he had been . —The prisoner here said that

      the lady alluded to was his wife , and that the prosecutor was keeping her from him . —Mr . Stanbridge most emphatically denied that the lady was the prisoner's wife , and said , if such was the case , he should not have taken her to live with him . —The prisoner persisted in his statement that the lady was his wife , and said he only ¦ went to the prosecutor ' s chambers because he knew his wife was always there . —Alderman Rose asked prosecutor if ho -was still living with the woman the prisoner called his wife ?—Mr . Stanbridgo said he was not , but he did not choose to give any explanation . He hoped tho worthy alderman would bind the prisoner over to keep tho peace . —Alderman Rose said l > e saw nothing in tho case to justify him in such a stop ; but if Mr . Stanbridge insisted , lie could indict tho prisoner at tho sessions . The prisoner was ttaon discharged .

      The Fifth Of November Protestantism Hns ...

      The Fifth of November Protestantism hns led to the annual explosion of a fire-work manufactory : — - Mr . Watson , who has for some yours mndo largo quantities of fireworks to bo sold on Guy Fawkes' day , has this year been moro than usually busy , and , to com plete a largo order , had worked all Sunday night with his family . Mr . Watson had gone into tho court at the rear of tho promises , when lie heard his wife cry out , " Firo !" very loudly , and immediately afterwards a tremendous explosion occurred , followed by an outbreak of flames , and loud screams from tho inmates . A chimney-sweep , who was passing at tho moment , ruahod into tho building ,

      and succeeded in rescuing Mrs . Wataon and one of her children , whom ho brought down in safety . Tho husband of tho unfortunate woman also made every exertion to get to his other children , who it wan feared wore in thoir bods asleep ; in ho doing ho bocumo surrounded with a Hheot . of Bulphurua flaino , by whiuh liin amiH , face and nock were terribly burnt , and ho was obliged to give up tho attempt as hopolotw . Aftor a lnpHC of two bourn tho dromon Buooecdcd in oxtinguiHhirur . tho ( loullngrution , and on Hoarching tho ruiiw thoy ( Uncovered the bodiot ) of throe unfortunate children , ho frightfully burnt that thoir remains might cattily have been placed in a hhiiiII biwkot . Tho mother aud 0110 of hor youngest children

      have since died in the hospital from injuries received from the explosion .

      A Correspondent Of The Freeman's Journal...

      A correspondent of the Freeman ' s Journal , -writing from Claremorris , November 3 , says : " This hitherto peaceful locality has been thrown into the greatest excitement , by the discovery of the remains of a young man , named James Prendergast , son to the toll-collector of this -town , floating in the water of a stagnant pool , within a few hundred yards of the town . The body presented a most horrible spectacle , the head being severed and tied in a "bag , the thighs and legs being also cut off . The hands were tied with a strip of calico , to which were attached heavy stones , in order that the body might not float : however , the remains were found floating . Deceased always carried on his person whatever money he possessed , and this , it is presumed , was the cause of his brutal and savage murder .

      A Wife Mttkdebed By Heh Husband A Man Na...

      A Wife Mttkdebed By Heh Husband A man named Lazarus Hernpsted , residing at Halsted , chose to be jealous of his wife without cause , and soothed himself by knocking in her temples with a hammer , as she slept . She must have died instantaneously The murderer -walked to a village some miles offj breakfasted quietly , and then gave himself up to the police . He does mot express the least contrition , and treats the matter with the utmost indifference . Six children , have their prospects improved by this event .

      Oub Gallant Fellows,—Two Seamen, Named C...

      Oub Gallant Fellows , —Two seamen , named Charles Nelson and Charles Brown , were drinking with some women at a public-house , near Rosemarylane . After some beer , they went in a cab to Harrowstreet , in the Mint , where one of the girls lived . Something to drink was sent for , but before it arrived Nelson struck , and nearly strangled Brown , and then proposed that they should go to the yard and fight . The others w ent for the police , but on their return they found Nelson lying on the floor , ¦ with a dagger sticking in his throat . He sat up , and said , * ' My shipmate , . Brown , stabbed me . " Both

      men were intoxicated . Brown was taken into custody , and a policeman read over the charge , asking him if it was correct . He said yes , and he would stab twenty men in his own defence . When he became sober , he was taken into the inspector ' s room , and asked if he knew what he was charged with , and he said " ~ No . " He was told he was charged with , a very serious offence , that of stabbing his shipmate , upon which he appeared much surprised , and declared he knew nothing- about it . Dr . South described the nature of the injuries , and the jury returned a verdict of manslaughter .

      Divorces.—Two Cases Of Divorce Occurred ...

      Divorces . —Two cases of divorce occurred this week in the Consistory Court : Gonzalez against Gonzalez , being the suit of the wife against the husband for cruelty and adultery ; and Harraden against Harraden , a wife's suit on the same grounds . The petitions were granted in both cases . Evidence not entered into .

      Liascabs In .London.—As Usual, At This T...

      LiAscabs in . London . —As usual , at this time 01 the year , the Lascar seamen who are brought from Indian ports to . London in the hope , seldom realised to them by our Christian captains , that they will be taken home again , are dying of cold and hunger Astounding stories are told to the authorities of the privations to whiuh theso unhappy wretches are exposed—tho workhouses refusing to take them in . At this moment 150 of them are living in a shed in Blue-coat-fields . Prostitutes take curious charity on many of them , and dreadful diseases arc disseminated .

      One Of Tub Elect.—William Cowley, An Eld...

      One of tub Elect . —William Cowley , an elderly hatter , of RatcLiff , has "been convicted of increasing his incumbrances , unknown to Mrs . Cowley . Sophia Saunders , of course pretty , lived in his servico , and gave birth to a child . Defendant promised to maintuin tho child , "but had only given a shilling to her . Defendant , who was a member of the Ebonczor Chapel , said tha girl had been in his service , and he had loolccd after her morals , and lectured her on the einfniness of her ways . Ho admitted having kissed her once , but it was a pious kiss . Ho would solemnly swoar lie was not the father of tho child . Mr . Ingham said ho was of a . different opinion , and made the usual order . Tho defendant said ho should appeal .

      Complicate;!) Kislationhhh*.—Miss Charlo...

      Complicate ;!) Kislationhhh * . —Miss Charlotte Reynolds , not pretty , but respoctably dressed , charged William Wella , grocer , of Turnlmm Green , her sister ' s husband , with being the father of hor child , nnd also with neglecting to maintain it . Tho dofundant had first ( succeeded in Ida purpose by administering gin . Tho parentage was admitted ) und tho usual order wns made .

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 11, 1854, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_11111854/page/4/