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Leader (1850-1860), 9th February 1856, Edition 2 of 2, Page 1, VOL. VII. No. 307.] SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 9...

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    • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

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      r .. . ,. ' .- ^^^ J-J ^^ R Ifl ^ BM If M ^ H *• ^^ ¦ ^^^^^ B - I W ^^^^ F ^ 1 ^^^^^ ^^^ B ' A POLITICAL AND LITEEABY EEYIEW ,

      "The One Idea Which Hi3tory Exhidits As ...

      " The one Idea which Hi 3 tory exhiDits as evermore developing itself into greater distinctness is the Idea of Humanity—the noble endeavour to throw down all the barriers erected between men by prejudice and one-sided views ; and , hy setting aside the distinctions of Religion , Country , and Colour , to treat the whole Human race as one brotherhood , having one great object—the free development of our spiritual nature . "—Humboltti's Casinos . x

      (Contents:

      ( Contents :

      Rev Iew Of The Week— Pa°E Our Civilisati...

      REV IEW OF THE WEEK— pa ° e Our Civilisation . —A Family Mur- i N " o " Order !"—No Merit 132 The Macaulay Controversy 138 dered ,... 127 Training for Soldiers 132 The Eise and Progress of Russia .. 139 Imperial Parliament 122 Naval and Military News 128 How to Get Rid of a Wife 133 Lamartine's Celebrated Characters 139 The War " ¦""•*)/ # J 24 Shipwrecks 129 Miss Grcaves ' s Case 134 History of German Protestantism .. 140 War Miscellanea " . " ... 124 2 , u £ i ' ™ 129 T lie JLaw of Partnership 134 Albert Smith on English Hotels 140 The Pmpp 124 The Romance of" The Times" 129 tuc * r * i-t > Thl Rebort ' ' Sir " John McNeiil Miscellaneous 129 OPEN COUNCIL- T 4 lv . AR ^ and Coloael Tullock McNeul > m Postscript 130 The Laws of Property as they relate " The Holly Tree Inn « at the Public Meetfngs .... ... W ' . W .... " .. 125 D ,, , , r CAIDC to Women . 135 Ad « lphi .. 140 Ireland 125 PUBLIC AFFAIRS— Births , Marriages , andDeath 3 .... 141 The Orient . 125 The German Confederation and the LITERATURE— rOMMPDMAI ACP & idc Official Correspondence 126 war 131 Summary 136 vrUWlttlfcKl # IA > l _ AI-rAIR 5 >—Continental Notes ..... ... 126 sir John McKeiU ' a Report 131 Sandwith ' s Siege of Kara 136 City Intelligence , Markets , Adv © rciscniGiitSj cc * c > ¦••¦*••••••¦•* , 141

      Vol. Vii. No. 307.] Saturday, February 9...

      VOL . VII . No . 307 . ] SATURDAY , FEBRUARY 9 , 1856 * P ^ CEiJSga ^^ -SjS ? ^ ¦

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      % m \ tvi nf tire With

      * O Oil One Week, At Least, Speculations...

      * O Oil one week , at least , speculations in regard JD to the Congress at Paris may be suspended . Before oux next publication , probably , the plenipotentiaries will have assembled , and by that time we may have some foretaste of the instructions that they have received , and of the tone that the deliberations are likely to take . If there is any reality in the submission of Russia , if the whole proceedings are not to he a drama for the atxtuse .-

      laent of the world—a gigantic jolte that would recoil upon its author—the deliberations of the Conference will form a great public act above all precedent . The subjects to be debated are not less important than those discussed at the Vienna Conferencej they have assumed a much more urgent form , the consequences involved are much vaster and more imminent , and the conduct of the Plenipotentiaries will be at least as much under the surveillance and control of the press in this country . There may be some attempt at keeping doors closed , especially if there should be any tendency to dispute amongst the members of the conclave ; but there are too many persons that have some kind of access , too many interested in obtaining intelligence , for us to be shut off from a fair knowledge of what is passing ; and

      therefore , by the end of next week or the commencement of the following , we shall be acquiring some insight into the destinies of the ensuing summer —into the solution of the question whether it is to be war . If war , whether it is . to be a conflict in which we are to go with France or without her . If it is to be peace , whether it is to be an honest peace ox a war disguised .

      One important result seems likely to get the start of the Coaference . The Turkish Rayahs are to be emancipated—so will the Powers of Austria , France , England through their representatives at Constantinople , and the Sultan accords , the Grand Vizier assisting in the work . As the fruit of Conferences to dcvelopo the fourth point , a scheme has been agreed upon and presented for the approval of the Grand Council , comprising equality

      before the law , with the right to hold property ^ to fill offices , aiid to serve in the army , for all the subjects of the Porte . Measures fox an efficient police , and for developing the resources of TurTcey are to follow . If these measures be fairly carried out they will be the finest fruits of the war , and will clinch the material guarantees for external safety , by internal improvement . *¦ ' ¦ The Parliament has not recovered from the paramount influence of the great international question . Ministers still have it in their power to set aside political subjects , and to keep party in abeyance . Faction feels that any interruption to the official course would now be regarded as something like treachery , and it remain ' s silent . Ministers seize the opportunity to fill up the time with unpolitical questions and measures , the merit of which cannot be denied . The police reform is . a real and serious improvement , yet it should be jealously watched . Although there are two bills , the legislation of Sir George Gkey refers to the whole of the country ; and if divided at all , it might be divided into three Qr four classes of measures . The fourth class , indeed , is quite unimportant . "When the County Constabulary Act was passed , it was received with great jealousy ; it was then , as it has been since , resisted by several parts of the country . It was , nevertheless , necessary to provide police for those parts ; and the Watching and lighting Act , in some degree continued from previous enactments , Authorised ji certain class of towns unincorporated , many of them small in size , to provide for their own lighting and watching . These towns have scarcely a distinctive boundary on the municipal map , and , under the new legislation , they will be lost in tho counties by which they arc surrounded . These , therefore , we may dismiss . The three branches of the legislation relate to tho police of the metx'opolis , of the boroughs , and of the counties . The whole metropolis , the City excepted , will form one district under a single commissioner , with two assistant commissioners . This will concentrate the authority , and , without nn addition to tho expense , it will enable Government to givo higher pay and station to the chief commissioner . lie mny bo recorded

      henceforward as a general of division ^ commanding an army in- blue uniform for . the whole of the metropolis . The next branch refers to the boroughs : they are included in the general bill for the provinces . Sir George does not take the jurisdiction from the watch committees who now appoint the chief constable , and exercise a right of approval on . his appointment of the

      constables ; but Sir George extends to boroughs the right of the Secretary of State to prescribe rules for the government , pay , and clothing of the constables . Of course this involves a very considerable amount of authority exercised by the Secretary of State , Like their brethren of the counties , the borough constables are henceforward to be prohibited from voting at elections .

      The provisions with respect to the county police differ both in motive and scope , though there is one motive over-riding all . The County Constabulary Act has been carried out by several counties—twenty-four—and by parts of seven other counties . The remaining portion of England and Wales has refused to accept the act , mainly on account of the expense . The consequence is a great want of uniformity in the watch and ward of the whole kingdom . Sir George now substitutes for the permissive effect of the CoiuityGo '

      iistabulary Act a compulsory act—counties ' must adopt the constabulary . This compulsion is accompanied by a permissive aid . The Secretary of State will have the discretion of contributing towards the fund for payment of the police not more than one-fourth . He will , according to Sir George ' s explanation , be guided in the amount by his approval of the system which tho county adopts , and he will withhold it altogether if ho is not satisfied with tho number and efficiency of the constabulary . The bills also authorise him to remove the

      constables , on emergency , from one part of the country to another . The whole effect of these measures , therefore , is to make the different forces , the metropolitan , borough , and county , much more reaembWyjjj ^ jJfes . other , and to carry » n uniformity of iniwyiffl ^ g ^&^^^ AAS £ the part of tho Secretary of State ^ J ^ || to ^^ K ' S ^ - of the three forces . Ireland alvead ^) A | M 33 ^^ /| | ^ very efficient constabulary . A separata Mffij ^^ SwTnpt ^ ^ ikM ^^

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Feb. 9, 1856, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_09021856/page/1/