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Leader (1850-1860), 8th October 1859, Edition 2 of 2, Page 16, THE GREAT EASTERN. It has been suddenly ...

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      Lombardy And The House Of Savoy. Italian...

      the wise Amadeus of Savoy to her aid . In a great number of secret treaties and stipulations , ¦ we find the title of Duke of Lombard / and also that of King of Italy promised 'to the Piedmontese princes . The very reasons , now adduced by diplomacy , to prove that the possession of Lombardy by a powerful Government foreign to the Peninsula is fatal to the independence of the whole of the Italian States , and more particularly to those of the princes who have the custody of the Alps , have been alleged again and again during past ages . Duke Liudovico said , in 1449 ,

      that the conquest of the Milanese territory had become a matter of self defence for the House of Savoy . The preamble of the treaty of Rivolis , made in 1625 between Richelieu and Charles Emmanuel I ., after stating that France ever , opposed the arts of peace and conciliation to the restlessness and ambition of Spain , proceeds to ay that "It being manifest that no other way exists of enabling Italy to enjoy lasting tranquillity and establish a secure and permanent peace , than by making a league for the conquest of the State of Milan , and wresting it from those who abuse

      it for the purpose of oppressing their neighbours , his Majesty Louis XIII . will willingly contribute his aid for the accomplishment of so just a design . " And again , the preamble of the treaty of Turin between France and Sardinia thus begins : •* It is well known to the whole civilised world that the House of Austria has for a long time abused the excessive height of power to which she has risen , and that she now only seeks to aggrandise herself at the expense of others . Not satisfied with secret action , she no longer hesitates to declare her views openly , and , in short , persists in disposing of kingdoms over which she can injustice arrogate to herself not the smallest right or claim . "

      and the peace of Europe . But though the object thus striven for during so long a period is , in a certain sense , accomplished , war cannot be looked upon as terminated , or , rather , the cause of war removed , until the whole of Northern Italy to the shores of the ^ Adriatic is under one and the same ruler . But those who examine the past with a view to comparing it with the events of the present see' no reason to fear that an equal amount of time or expenditure of forces will be required before Venice forms a united whole with Lombardy and Piedmont . The work , has hitherto been slow because carried on by means of

      diplomatic manoeuvres , secret treaties , and different systems of alliance , but it now proceeds at full speed , hastened on by the wishes of the people , the valour and true-heartedness of Victor Emmanuel , and the injustice and oppression of Austria . In short , arguing from the past to the present , circumstances seem amply to confirm the idea that Austria cannot much longer continue to govern any portion of Italy . The presence of an Austrian prince is an intrusion which has grown to be felt as the . most burthensome weight that can be

      imposed upon the Peninsula . Its continuance is productive of perils to Austria herself , little compatible with the security and dignity of a great power ; and we trust that the events of the late campaign , the fruitlessness of her efforts to bend the other powers to her will during the conferences at Zurich , and the determined attitude assumed by the Italians themselves , may all contribute to bring about the happy changes m the Peninsula which have been so long and so anxiously looked for by peoples and rulers .

      Historical archives and diplomatic documents bring to light various other resemblances between the political affairs of past centuries and the Italian events which are now transpiring before our eyes . A project conceived b y Henry IV . bears a strong analogy to the title which Napoleon III . desires to confer upon the Pope of honorary president of an Italian confederation . According to the scheme of the great Henry , the Pope was to bear the title of Immediate Head of the Italian Republic , with no other right than the homage of a crucifix of the value of J 0 , 000 scudi every ten years . So do the preliminaries of Vienna of 1735—which were suddenly arrested by the victorious Gallo-Sardinian arms ,

      by means of a secret understanding maintained by Cardinal Fleury with the ministers of Charles VI . — coincide , in many particulars , with the preliminaries of Villafranca . Then , as now , the course of victory was arrested ; then , as now , fears were entertained of an inimical alliance ; then , as now , the hopes of the warrior prince were delusive , and , instead of the kingdom promised to Charles Emmanuel , the choice was given him between the Novarese and the VSgevanese territory , the Novarese and Tortonese , or the Tortonese and the Vigevanese , if he would abandon the Milanese , over which he had reigned in effect two years , as Victor Emmanuel has reigned virtually for ten over Venetia .

      The preliminaries of I 7 r ~ > 3 produced the transfer of Tuscany to the'house of Lorraine , but it , is to be hoped that the preliminaries of Villafranca will not produce the result of re-establishing ( those princes upon the throne in opposition to iho will of the {) eople . By the former , France gained Lorraine or herself on the death of Stanislaus ; by the latter , if intex'preted unfavourably for Italy , Frnnoe will lose the moral fruit of LcrvictorieSj and retard the regeneration of Italy , already arrested , by the

      preliminaries of Villafranoa . Five centuries of continued struggle have at length added Lombardy to the dominions of the Prince of Savoy . An ever fluctuating series of alliances , interminable , was continually recommenced , beggary of the people , and the treasury , succeeded by a startling revolution ; a war unfortunate , but renowned for glorious deeds of arms , have at length accomplished a work which has been the constant object of the Piedmontoso policy . With this identical end in view , the princes of Savoy took up the sword time after time ; and at different periods Henry IV . nnd Sully , Louis XIII . and Itioholiou , . Louis XIV . and D'Argenson , Pitt , Castloreagh , and numerous ot | ior statesmen , have considered it essential to the Italian equilibrium

      1132 The Leadee. [No. 498. Oct. 8, 185q.

      1132 THE LEADEE . [ No . 498 . Oct . 8 , 185 Q .

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      France. Paris, Thursday, 6-30 P.M. One C...

      FRANCE . Paris , Thursday , 6-30 p . m . One cloud which darkened the political horizon has cleared away . The dissensions between the cabinets of London and Madrid , on the Morocco question , have been amicably arranged , and it is supposed that concessions have been made on the part of Great Britain . The interviews at Biarritz , between the Emperor Napoleon and M . Mon , Ambassador Extraordinary of her Most Catholic Majesty , perhapstcontributed to this pacific solution of the question , as it is understood that the Emperor was determined to support the Spanish cause . Ridiculous rumours have been current in Paris to the effect that in the event of a collision , the Spaniards would

      conducted with considerable ability , has been giving a series of articles on the late Xord Seymour , so renowned for his devotion to the worship of Bacchus and Venus . -Lord Seymour ' s magnificent stud ia announced for sale . Amongst the English noblemen residing in Paris for the greater part of the year are Lord Holland in the Faubourg St . Honore , the Earl of Pembroke in the Place Vendome , the Marquis of Hertford in the Rue Lafitte , and Lord Beaumont in the Rue die 1 'Arcade . Paris mourns the death of a celebrated quadruped the giraffe of the Jardin des Plantes , who has succumbed to a pulmonary complaint , which has often proved fatal to animals brought to France from tropical climes . The yet more celebrated predecessor of the recently defunct animal was the first giraffe seen in France : it came here in 1827 , and died of consumption , after enjoying a popularity of seventeen years . It is stuffed and placed in the Museum of Natural History ; an honour which awaits its successor .

      Professor Lane , of Australia , is on a visit to Paris , after an absence of several years . He took University honours here , and became a teacher of languages . He is now preparing a great work on Australia ! which will be published both in French and in English , and which will no doubt give an impetus to emigration both among you and the more stay-athome French . The latest important piece of news is the rumour that the terms of the treaty of peace have been decided upon at Zurich , and will be signed in a few days . A congress , it is said , will be called with a view to settle the affairs of Central Italy—that is , if a congress can settle them . Most people here think not , and that war will break out again . Nevertheless , the report of an approaching settlement of the peace , and that the Emperor will issue an address to the Italian nation , are favourably received in the financial world , and under their influence the Bourse tends to a rise .

      make a desperate effort to take Gibraltar / which the Siecle , in alluding to its possession by Great Britain , calls " a standing insult to Spain . " The legitimists in Paris are very anxious that the Duchess of Parma , the sister of the Count de Chambord , should be restored to her throne , but it appears that in spite of her earnest supplications to the Emperor , the cause of that princess , whom Lord Malmesbury eulogised as the best among Italian potentates , is not favourably regarded either by Napoleon or by the great majority of the French nation . The vexed question of Central Italy will shortly be treated in a pamphlet from the pen of M . de la Forge , a contributor to the Siecle , to be

      entitled " JLes Duches . The Ultramontane prelates , the Bishops of Arras , Alger , and Poitiers , have issued pastoral letters to the clergy and laity of their respective dioceses , denouncing in energetic language the encroachments which are being made on the temporal sovereignty of the Pope . The Bishop of Tulle , preaching the other clay at St . Sulpice , pointedly alluded to the King of Sardinia , and denounced woe to those who had caused the Vicar of Christ to weep ! You have , of course , heard the report that the Pope has given the ambassador of Piedmont his passports , and that another outbreak of some kind in Italy is daily becoming , more imminent .

      The weather hero lately has been very variable , and a good deal of rain has fallen . A few days ago we had a storm of thunder and lightning , unusual in Paris at this season , though common enough in the south of Franco . The present week has commenced with fine autumnal weather , perhaps a little too warm for the month of October . The Empress Eugenie has gone on a visit to her native Spain , and on her return she will accompany the Emperor to Fontainebleau and afterwards to Compiegne . The latter palace is being renovated for their reception . I hear that the walls of the apartments dostined for the use of the Imperial family are being painted with scenes from Don Quixote . It is said that the Emperor is projecting several important tours for next year , one to England lias been mentioned often enough . " Figaro , " a satiric porlodical of Legitimist politloa ,

      The Great Eastern. It Has Been Suddenly ...

      THE GREAT EASTERN . It has been suddenly decided that the great ship shall start for Holy head from Weymouth , on her trial trip this day . It was originally resolved that the great ship should go round to Southampton , there to undergo a thorough refitting , without which all on board knew she could never go to sea with safety . The real friends of the undertaking rejoiced in this step , as one likely to result in proper time being given for the vessel to be thoroug hly equipped for sea , in accordance with the regulations

      of the Board of Trade , and all the preparations were accordingly made for mooring the Great Eastern opposite Netley Hospital by the 6 th or 7 th . At the last moment this arrangement has been set aside , and it has been decided that , ready or not ready , the vessel goes to sea on her trial trip to-day . Oue of the reasons assigned for this course is the necessity of keeping faith with the public . Yet the public are not allowed to be present at a trial trip which they have paid their money to see .

      From the correspondent of a contemporary we condense an account of her present condition . Although the Board of Trade will not allow the Great Eastern to carry any passengers until every precaution that prudence can suggest has been taken , the lives of the crew apparently are beyond the notice of the Board ; though when the ship clears out of Weymouth to-day she will have a larger number of human beings on board—firemen , sailorsand others—than any passenger steamvessei it

      , that ever quitted the shores of this kingdom , would be merely deceiving our readers if we statea positively that because the Great Eastern arrives at Holyhead as per advertisement , therefore she will start for America with the same punctuality , lie Great Eastern can scarcely leave llolyheaa on vie 20 th , and if she could do so the Board of lrado tfw not let her until all their , urgent requirements tor the safety of passengers have boon complied witn to the very letter . Our readers have boon informed oi some of the principal improvements wlrfeji »«?„ ?" Uoarcl oi

      suggested , or insisted on , by the xrauu Few , if any , of these alterations . have yet been enr- * ried out , and to complete them all will boo ™ rk ot such time as renders it quite impossible that rue vossel can be ready during the niontn oi October . The two forward boilers , which wore injured by the exploslou , have fceen repaired , l > ut nov by replacing the damaged plates with new onjM | tho Board of Trade insistod , but by putting patches on those which wore most bent and strainea . ^ patched boiler-plate may possibly bo as strong »« a new one , but in these cases tho wisest economy is to put tho matter boyond all doubt . 0 ° ntr * f n ^ the expressed wfch of the directors und the war " of Trado , . Mr . Scott Russell has poatively refuseru o do this and insisted on patching tho boilers unm the vessel goes round to Holyhoad .- «? bnatorn

      ^ . „„ , „ One elomont in the success of tho Great seems to havo been overlooked by all , tljougn " most important one , and that . is her sailing q «& 11 '

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 8, 1859, page 16, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_08101859/page/16/