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    ¦ ¦ No. 459 Jantjaky 8,1859.] T H E : LE...

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    in 1845 it had risen to 45,650,000 banco...

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    BOOKS RECEIVED. Unprotected Females in S...

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  • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

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    The Mediterranean Extension Telegraph. —...

    was nearly double that of 1856 . At Cadiz 356 Britsh vessels entered in 1856 ; 28 ^ 430 tons of coal were iim-DOfted from England , and 54 , 616 butts ( or pipes ) of sherr y were shipped off during the year , being an increase of 11 , 227 compared with 1855 . 56 American ships imported stores and tobacco , and exported salt , wine cork , and liquorice .. The Dutch , Belgian , Swedish , Norweg ian , Danish and Prussian ships import coals from England , and export the same articles as the American vessels . The Russian , Hanoverian , and Hanseatic ships imported timber and deals , and exported salt ,

    wine , and dry fruit . TheFirb at Valparaiso . —The following are the amounts for which it is understood the British offices are interested in the fire which occurred at Valparaiso on the 13 th of November last : ¦—Liverpool and London , 132 400 / . ; Royal of Liverpool , 54 , 000 / . ; Imperial , 31 000 / . ; London Corporation , 30 , 000 / . ; Northern , 27 , 0007 . ; Sun , 8000 / . ; , making a total of 282 , 400 / . —to which serious extent the exportation of . gold to Chili consequent on the recent loan will be increased .

    Tkain-ino Ship for the Meksky . — Her Majesty s frigate Conway , twenty-six guns ^ which is about to be presented by the Admiralty to the Liverpool Mercantile Marine Service Association for the purpose of being moored permanently iu the Mersey as a training ship , is being fitted at Government expense at Devonport , and will in all probability be taken to its destination at Liverpool at the latter end of the month . It will be moored in the Sloyne at the expense of the Admiralty authorities . The Turkish Loan . —On Monday next 150 , 000 / . is due on the Turkish Loam which will complete the first

    portion of that financial operation , amounting 3 , 000 , 000 / . On the following day an instalment is nominally payable on the second issue of 2 , 000 , 000 / . ; but it is generally understood that the majority of subscribers to this portion of the new loan will avail themselves of the option given them by the contractors to defer all the instalments until the 20 th February , when the whole amount will have to be provided . French EN-CROAcn . MEXTS .-7- The Newfoundland papers contain no further newsas to the progress of the dispute in regard to the exclusive right of fishing demanded by the French on certain portions of the coast . Great distress already exists among the inhabitants of St . George ' s Bay , and a general despondency prevails under the threat of the Frencli naval officers that they will next spring forcibly interpose to . exclude British subjects , not only from the fishing ground , but from the use of the bays . —CcauidianNavs .

    The Shuting Question . — The Shipowners' Society of London have received a communication from the Home Office , announcing that her Majesty has graciously received the " loyal and dutiful" address adopted at the general meeting of shipowners on the 15 th ult ., and has been pleased to refer the same to the consideration of the Board of Trade . The Main Drainage of the Metropolis . — The Directors of the Bank of England have made an offer to the Metropolitan Board of Works of the loan of the 3 , 000 , 000 / . which will be required for the execution of the works for the main drainage of the metropolis . The

    terms arc not so favourable as anticipated from the state of the money-market , and the proposal has been transmitted to the Lords of the Treasury for their consideration . The result of the inquiries respecting the competency of Mr . Moxon , who gavo iu the lowest tender for executing the works of the Northern High-Lcvel Scwcr , being of a most favourable nature , and the tln-oe gentlemen proposed by him as sureties having been ascertained to be most responsible persons , his tender has been finally accoptoi ? , and ho only awaits the order of the engineer to commence the work , which will bo given as soon as tho financial arrangements of tho Board are completed . The Farming Mania . —Tho demand for land to hire

    lias seldom been so general . Any desirable farm has been oagorly sought after , and offors of rent made corresponding to tho furor . There appears to bo little calculation gone into by offerers . Tho excitement resembles somewhat that of tho railway mania of 1844-6 . Tho ronta for land agreed upon within tlio year boar no relation to the prospects of tho profession , Tho disastrous harvest of 185 G-7 has oporatod seriously against the position of many fanners , and arrears of rent have orison , showing tho ha / . ardous character of tho profession of tlio tenant-farmer . Nolthor a cheaper systom of cultivation nor a nowly discovered sourco of ohoup fertilisers has boon presented to account for tha rents offered . —North British Agriculturist .

    ClaIm AOAiNHT a Tkliccjuaim j Gomuanv for tub iNconiiLCCT Transhusskqn ok A Mksbaue . —In the Manchester County Court , on Monday , Mr , Brandt dolivorod jud gment in tho gaso of llorslall ami Arnold v . tlio Magnetic Telograph Company , an action in which tlio plaintiffs sought to recover 10 / ., as compensation for loss alleged to have boon sustainod by them in coneoquenoo of a message having been incorrectly transmitted by the defendants . Tho defendants rested their claim on the ground that the nicsongo was actually transmitted by them in the same form in which If . had been received at their om . ee , and they further pleaded ttvU thoy woro not responsible for any mistake in the message , inasmuch 09 tho oxtra foo roqulrod for tho repetition oC

    important messages had not been paid . It appeared that the word " four , " in the original message , had been altered ; and a question arose whether this had been done by the plaintiffs previously to ^ their having left the document at the defendants' office , or whether it . had been done by the defendants subsequently . Mr : Brandt said he had already come to the conclusion that it was not by the fault of the plaintiffs that the alteration appeared on the face of the document ; arid the only question remaining was whether , according to a case which had been cited . " M'Andrew v . the Electric Telegraph Company , " thedefendants were entitled to plead that the proper sum had not been paid—that is , the sum which was required for repeated messages . He must say he could not distinguish the present case from the one cited , and therefore the verdict must be given for the defendants . But inasmuch as the message was improperly delivered , and became of no value , the de fendants were bound to return the fee which was paid to them for it . Mr . Sutton , who appeaared for the plaintiffs , asked his honour whether he was satisfied that the alteration in the message had been made by the defendants . His honour said he had already expressed his opinion very decidedly upon that subject . A verdict was given for the defendants , an order being , however , made upon them for the repayment of the fee Is . Gd ., and for the costs . — Manchester Examiner . Indian Kail-ways . — Foremost amongst the great

    works in India railways , wmen are spreaumg their iron network over the land , and fast annihilating all those obstacles and annoyances which rendered travelling in India so expensive and wearying . In Western India the progress of railways is , perhaps , most remarkable . Of the Great Indian Peninsula Jines , about 150 miles are already constructed , and in full

    worKing oicicr , wunai * ^ m *~ ^^ 1128 miles , a large portion of which is now under conr struction . Indeed , it would seem that the progress made in railway works in India is as satisfactory as that made in them in England . There does not appear either to be the slightest difficulty in obtaining an abundant supply of workpeople . Notwithstanding the unsettled state of . Kandeish , and other districts either within 6 r in the neighbourhood of the Bombay Presidency , in 185 < i-7 , tlie Great Indian Peninsula Railway Company gave employment to 46 , 000 hands ; but number in

    during the years 1857-8 that large was - creased to 70 , 000 . This speaks well for the great resources of Western India for the supply of labour . Turning from the construction of the railway to the traffic we find a similar satisfactory progress has been made . The total number of passengers conveyed by the line in the year 1856 was 585 , 165 , while in the first half of last year the number has risen to 43 6 , 613 . Again , in the goods traffic a corresponding increase has taken place ; in 1856 the amount conveyed was 70 , 025 tons , while in six months in 1858 it reached

    o 4 , y-il tons , it is , nowever , ngut . mm . these increases are due in some measure to the extension of the lines , but at the same time sufficient evidence exists to show that the natives are growing alive to the importance of railway communication . As a proof of this , we may cite the increase that has taken place in tho number of third-class passengers , for while in tlie whole of 1856 the number of travellers who availed themselves of that class was 544 , 852 , for the lirstsix months of 1858 it was 412 , 075 , thus giving an increase of something like 70 per cent . Curiously enough , on the other hand , but a slight increase has taken place in the number of travellers by the second class , tlio return for 1856 showing a total of 34 , 193 , and for the first half of 1858 of only 18 , 4 l 8 .- ^ - // owe !<; a ; v / Mail .

    Trade op Sweden . — -Major Pringle ' s report pn the trade of Stockholm in 1856 supplies tho following information : — -The crops were generally below an average in 18 counties , and in farms of the northern districts tho oropa were almost a total failure . Groat distress oxisted among the poorer classes in the north , and they woro reduced in many oases to grind tho bark of pines and mix it with a small quantity of rye Hour , as a substitute for broad . In 1856 , 10 , 616 , 434 kanna of brandy ( a kanna being equal to nearly 3 £ English quarts ) woro distilled , value 3 , 538 , 811 rix dollars banco , or 294 , 000 / . Tho produce of 18 cotton mills in different parts of Sweden is given for 1855 at 12 ) 401 , 7211 bs . of cotton yarn . Within a fow yoars cotton has , in a great moasuro , superseded tho use o .

    linen , as being so much cheaper and warmer . Coals are now imported in large quantities from England , but , from the peculiar construction of tlio stoves used for heating tho rooms , it is impossible to uso thorn iu private houses . Tho price of coals is from 18 s . to 26 s . per ton ; tho quantity imported in 1855 rose to 860 , 290 tons ( Swedish ) from 17 < % 549 tons in 1845 . Tho war witli Russia iu 1854 and 1855 was very profitable to tho Stockholm merchants t rading in the Gulf of Bothnia , anil , iu tho hope that tho war would continue , thoy gavo very extensive ordors for goods for 1856 . Tho result of pouoo was that much of tho gains of tho two previous years was swallowed up in the failure of tho speculation for 1856 . Tho whole import and export trade of Swodon twenty yoars aero was not nioro thn . ii fi . l . 147 . 000 banco , or ' 2 . 84 fi . fi 8 fl £ .:

    ¦ ¦ No. 459 Jantjaky 8,1859.] T H E : Le...

    ¦ ¦ No . 459 Jantjaky 8 , 1859 . ] T H E LEAD E K . 61

    In 1845 It Had Risen To 45,650,000 Banco...

    in 1845 it had risen to 45 , 650 , 000 banco ; and in 1 S 55 exceeded 120 , 000 , 000 banco ( about 10 , 000 , 000 / . ) , being double what it was in the year 1852 . In 1855 the value of the exports exceeded that of the imports by 611 , 416 / . The value of grain exported in 1854 \ va 3 8 , 000 , 000 banco , or 666 , 666 / ., while in 1855 it was nearly 18 , 000 , 0-00 banco , or 1 . 500 , 000 / . Tan has largely increased as an item of ' the exports , whlla exportation of pitch , bones , bar-iron ' coffee * ami steel has fallen ofE 4 , 536 , 282 lbs . of white cotton

    yarns were imported from Great Britain in 185 5 , a large increase , owing to the lowering of the duty from 4 s to 3 s . per lb . A greater importation of raw sugar has also taken place ( from England ) since the lowering of duties in 1853 . The importation of machinery and coals from England continues to increase . The trade and genev . il prosperity of Sweden have greatly increased during tap last four years , partly owing to the advance made in agriculture , and the impulse given to the carrying tra Is by the beneficial change in our navigation laws . of admissions for si

    Crystal Palace . —Return x days ending Friday , January 7 th , 1859 : —Number admitted , including season-ticket holders , 12 , 483 , . ' Mb . Mater ' s Antiquities —In about a month from this time Messrs . Sotheby and Wilkinson will dispose , Lj sale , of the celebrated collection , formed by Mr . Hertz , and now the property of Mr . Mayer of Liverpool , of Assyrian , Babylonian , Egyptian , Greek , Etruscan , Roman , Indian , Peruvian , Mexican , and Chinese antiquitief . Some idea of the magnitude of the collection may bo formed , whan we state that the sale will occupy no lets than sixteen days . The catalogue forms . a good-sized octavo volume of 213 pages , and is a work that will be sought for by artists , archaeologists , and antiquarians in all parts of the world . —Literary Gazette .

    Books Received. Unprotected Females In S...

    BOOKS RECEIVED . Unprotected Females in Sicily , Calabria , and the Top of Mount Etna . With Coloured Illustrations . Routledge and Co . The London Review . No . XXII . January . Alexander Havlin . The Westminster Review . No . XXIX . January . John Chapman . Morgan Le Faye . A Play in Five Acts . Poems . By Joseph Freeman . Longman and Co . The British Quarterly Review . No . LVII . January . Jackson and Walford . The History of British Joxirnalistn . By Alexander Andrews . Two Vols . R . Bentley . Journal of my Life during the French Revolution . By Grace Dalrymple Elliott ; R . Bentley . Popular Tales from the Norse . By George Webb Dasent . Edinburgh : E . Douglass . The Works of the Rev . Sydney Smith . Parti . Longman and Co . A Song of Charity . By E . J . Chapman . 2 nd Edition . Basil Montague Pickering . Kelly ' s Railway Guide for January . Kelly and . Co . The Journal of Mental Science . Longman and Co . Moore ' s Irish Melodies . No . 2 . Longman and Co . The National Review . No . XV . January . Chapman and Hall . The Parent ' s Cabinet of Amusement and Instruction Smith , Elder , and Cp . Tales of the Colonies ; or , Adventures of an Emigrant . By Charles Rowcroft , Esq , New Edition . Smith , Elder , and Co . Social Innovations and their Schemes . By W- L . Sargent . Smith Elder , and Co . ; The Verneys ; or , Chaos Dispelled . By Miss Caroline Smith . A . Hall , Virtue , and Co . The Journal of Psychological Medicine and Mental Pathology . Edited by Forbes Winslow , M . D ., D . C . L . Now Series . No . XIII . John Churchill . A Manual of the Philosophy of Voice and Speech . By James Hunt , P . H . D ., F . S . A ., M . R . S . L . Longman and Co . The Licensed Victuallers Almanack , 1859 . W . Kent and Co . The Literary Character ; or , the History of Men of Genius . By Isaac D'Israoli . New Edition . Edited by the Right Hon . B . Disraeli . Routledgo and Co . ^ Routledye ' s Shakspearc , Part XXXIII . Edited by H . Stauuton . Routledgo and Co . A Neio Reformed Systetn of National Education , A Pamphlet . James Nisbot and Co . The National . Debt Jlnancially considered . By Edward Cupps , Groombridgo and bons . London : Past , Present , and Future . By John Ashfonl . J . V . Hope . A Let / end of ( he Rhdno . A Poem in Five Cantos . By . M . * P . B . J . F . Hopo . Traces of Primitive Truth in tha Principal Nations of tho World . By tho Rev . J . L . Robs , M . A . J . F . Hope . The Scottinh Annual , 1859 . Edited by C . R . Brown . Edinburgh : A . and C . Black . Self . A Satire iu Five Cantos . J . F . Hopo . Tho Scottish Secession qfX 84 > 3 . By tho Rev . Aloxnmlor Tumor . Edinburgh : Paton aud Ritchie . Tho Eclectic Review . January . Ward and Co . History of tho Kingdom of Nuplo' , 173 A—18 * 25 . By General Piptro Oolletta . With n Supplement , 18 * 5 —1856 . Two Vols . Edinburgh : T . ConstalWe and Co . aa £ & £ ftB

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 8, 1859, page 29, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_08011859/page/29/