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    44 THE LEADER ^ [Satchpav ^ 1 ¦ ¦ ' ' ' ...

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    TWO NOVELS. AqathtCs TImhand. A Novel, b...

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    BOOKS ON OUR TABLE. Liverpool a feu, Yea...

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    ^nrtfuliu.

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    We should do our utmost to cnconriif^ l....

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    €k W&mh of ik (DIb Ijninto: /

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    v - w r TFHEII& MUM A\N1P) RENiamTlQNU V...

• Transcript

  • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

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    Pmr.Onoph V Ok Tiim Sknsktt. Tho Vhiloso...

    called the pole . It is in that region that the retina possesses greatest sensibility , and as we recede from that point , the sensibility and perceptive power of the membrane gradually decrease . In looking , therefore , at any single object , the optic axes are naturally directed by us to the object , by which means its image is thrown direct on the most sensitive portion of the retina , and when this is done by both eyes , vision is always single . The landscape lying around this central or direct object of vision forms an image on the less sensitive parts of the retina surrounding the polar or central point , and possesses a certain indistinctness to us , still not so much so as that we are not able to note the more prominent objects that he near this centre of vision ; and , accordingly , it is found , that not only is the object at which we looJc directly , perce ived us single , but all other objects lying around , which are at equal distances from us , arc also represented to us as single , though our perception of them is very indistinct . Those objects , however , which are either nearer or farther from us than the direct object of our vision , appear to us double . The

    physiological reason assigned for this we shall immediately state , and , in the meantime , we may mention , that those objects which , in the above instance , appear single , owing to the globular form of the eye , cast their image on points of the two retina ; which are held to be physiologically identical , while those that appear double cast their images on dissimilar points of the retinae . The centres of the retinae of each eye , lying in the optic axis , are the primary identical points , and all points in each eye equally distant to the left of these points are also held identical points . All points , also , to the right of the centres , or above or below them , are also identical or corresponding points , provided they are equally distant from the centres of the retina ? of each eye . Now these are just the points of the two retinse on which , in accordance with the laws of optics , when the eyes are properly directed to an object , its images , and the images of adjacent equidistant objects , will fall . ^ The following experiments will exp lain more distinctly our meaning , and it will be acknowledged , that they go far to establish the general correctness of the above

    solution of the phenomenon of single and double vision . " Let us place ourselves some fifteen or twenty feet from a lighted candle , and direct our eyes steadily to it ; the axes of the eyes are , in this instance , brought into the line of the object , and the image of the candle will fall on the central points of the retina ? , and the candle will appear single . Let us now hold up a finger at arm ' s length before us in the line of the candle , and let us look directly at it . ° So soon as the eyes are directed to this nearer object , two candles will immediately seem to start into existence where one was before , and we have thus double vision ; the axes of the eyes , in turning from the candle to the finger , become shifted and converged to the nearer object , and the images of the candle then necessarily fall , as the annexed figure will show , not on identical points of the two retina ; , but on opposite sides of the axis of each eye . "

    We cannot pretend to clear up this mystery , which still baffles science ; but we will suggest to philosophers , that they are not seeking in the right direction for an explanation . The mystery lies elsewhere . To prove that it does , we need only recal this strangely-overlooked fact : We have only one sensation of sound with two ears , only one of smell with two nostrils , just as we have only one image with two eyes ! We can hear with one ear , smell with one nostril , see with one eye ; yet with i , wo organs , under ordinary circumstances wo have only one sensation . Does not this show that the long-debated question of sight is not an

    anatomical but a psychial question ? We have no space to dwell on this , nor on the other questions mooted in Mr . Wyld ' s VMlosophy of the Senses— -a work the nature and contents of which we have suiliciently indicated in the foregoing remarks .

    44 The Leader ^ [Satchpav ^ 1 ¦ ¦ ' ' ' ...

    44 THE LEADER ^ [ Satchpav ^ 1 ¦ ¦ ' ' ' : ———¦—™————— . 1 r , l »« ill T /» i"vntflllt

    Two Novels. Aqathtcs Timhand. A Novel, B...

    TWO NOVELS . AqathtCs TImhand . A Novel , by tho Author of " Olive , " "The Head of the Family ' , Sec . 3 vols . Chapman and Hull The Lover ' s Stratagem ; or , tho Two Suitors . By Ewilio F . Carloii . 2 vols . Bentley . In Aiiathas Jlushand we have an interesting story , told with considerable skill ; but the authoress has fallen below her former efforts , both in the interest of her story , and in the art with which character is portmyed The book betrays exhaustion . It was written because former works were NueceHsful , not because the authoress had anything to say or paint Iu default of new experience , new character , and new story , it was absolutely necessary nlir should bestow great skill in the construction of her old materials , to ' make them have the efleet of novelty . . Skill she has ¦ an eloquent style , an abiding power , and a certain enthusiasm vvlnoli carry the reader onwards ; and , besides these , a sharp femmino eye lor details and a vivid pencil in the rendering details visible : qualities which make her books very readable . . Hut , in the present instance , the skill , though great ,, has not been great enough to disguise the age of the materials nor to make acceptable the very questionable metaphysics of the paHRi ' oiiH upon which the whole story in baned . We read with incredulity . What may he true is not true-seeming . The position o ( Nathaniel to h . H wife \ h one more possible than credible ; while her ignorance of her own niWuvH is absolutely preposterous . Ah if any girl of nineteen lelt solely with a guardian , would be unaware of the fact that she wan rich ! . 1 hen jiLrsiin ( here is an unexplained obscurity—we will not say mystery about the Major and about Anne Valery , which ordinary art should have KU 'i ^ ni ^ ng at < lef , c ! , H , more for tlio B « dc « « f U- writer , than the ; n ,, (| er- let us , however , also hint , though briefly , at tho many capital , „\ w » of deseription and emotion which the book contamn . I hero arc ' an in the » mmumlerHlnmling" between Agntha and her husband which are admirable in their Hubtlo truth and make one for a moment ; ; . L unreality of th « l » u . iH . l > uk « Dugdale , and ]» , m _ frank , happy wK forn , a charming picture of married love . The Hqu . ro , also , , h a type of the old nehool . . , . . , , ¦ , , , With this writer ' s comnmnd over jMWBion , and clear insight into what is clmn ,, cl , eri » tie in character , one may export . novv \ n from her very much ubove the average ; but , before slie again . takes up her pen , let her neriouHly put tliiJ question to herHcIf , » What am . 1 going to write P Not simply three volumes of story ; but , in that story . 1 am going to use my own personal experience him I * observation , to make it the vehicle lor conveying them to Che world . I have Huflerod BUeli and Hi . ch emotions under trying eircuniBtancos , and I have neon and studied certain characters until

    Emilie Carlen has acquired a ^™ P ^ d ffroU no . of merit is more to that of Frederika ^^^ X ^ FreSr ika Bremcr being very limited , than we can saj , ourad . ^ Sfcarlen being very slight . This much , and our acquaintance wittl BmJie h ^ f ^ l ^ JJ St ^ em had been however , we are forced to say , ^ " have dismissed it as a tiresome , written by ^^ Pf ^^^^^ r ^ of characterisation to commonplace , ^«^ eSfa sW cdi h novel , and setting before us the make it interesting ^ W ^ f Swcdiah Kfe , it is not without a certain commonplaces and tnv ^ f ^ ig of the stuff & nove l l ros arc made 3 W ^ SfhM ^ T . dXf Northern sentimentality , ^ distmgmsh we do not lose our nearia tu ;

    r- ' * + £ + i ~~ a o ^ fl one heroines v ™ credited : this , and only this .

    Books On Our Table. Liverpool A Feu, Yea...

    BOOKS ON OUR TABLE . Liverpool a feu , Years Since . B ? An Old Stager . ^ TvZ ^ e ^^ m ^ sss i ^^ ZSttxXZ , 5 S w ^ rsSS .-iSs family ; and this Liverpool afeto Years Sinceby « . An Old Stager , is on y one of many publications of a similar kind constantly making the * W ^» ce > ™^ most of them never advance from newspaper pagesmto a book . Ihe' ^^^ is , that the history of Liverpool for the last hundred years » the liurt » y of Lan cashire , whieh is the history of English commerce with the United States and while the laborious statistics which Mr . Baines gathers have imperial Ration and intetthe sketchessuch as "An Old Stager" furnishes , of the exceptional ,

    res , , odd state of society existing in Liverpool among the " merchant princes , who then were very great savages , while the town was dashing out of insignificance into startling wealth , thanks to the slave trade and the war ( the Liverpool privateersmen were what Baltimore privateersmen may be ) , have an immense value for the reading and inquiring people now on the banks of th « Mersey , and who know little or nothing ( for newspapers have destroyed tradition ) of the past of the locality in which they have taken up their abode . "An Old Stager does for Liverpool what Leigh Hnnt and Cunningham , supposing they combined , would do for London—g iven the L iverpoolians a sort of street guide , seasoned with anecdote and gossip of a gone state of society , and of dead m erchant princes , who , however , still live , and are , consequently , subjects of local curiosity in the great mercantile houses they founded . Even to us strangers this is pleasant reading ; and we can understand it being very delig htful reading in Liverpool . The writer has

    scholarship and wit , and precisely the style which could alone redeem such reminiscences from mere gossip . On the whole , it is a very happy production , which we here acknowledge as justifying a , notice , which could not under any ordinary circumstances be extended to a book appealing , in the first place , only to a locality . Wo should add , that " An Old Stager" first produced his now collected papers in tho Liverpool Albion , n newspaper which ranks with the Guardian of Manchester , the Mercury of Leeds , the Journal of Birmingham , and the Journal of Liverpool , in the first class of the daily improving provincial press . The writer is the Rev . Mr . Aspinall , some years ago the favourite pulpit orator of intellectual Liverpool , and now well known as foremost in all wise , good , and liberal movements in the midland counties .

    ^Nrtfuliu.

    ^ nrtfuliu .

    We Should Do Our Utmost To Cnconriif^ L....

    We should do our utmost to cnconriif ^ l . h <; ttnautiful , for the Useful encourages lLaulf . —• GoKTiuc .

    €K W&Mh Of Ik (Dib Ijninto: /

    € k W & mh of ik ( DIb Ijninto : /

    V - W R Tfheii& Mum A\N1p) Reniamtlqnu V...

    v - w r TFHEII & MUM A \ N 1 P ) RENiamTlQNU V > Y IIENUY MttlUMTT . "Who , in contemplating ono of iluphiMvTn ilneMt . picluroH , froHh from 1 , 1 io mantor ' s hand , over hoHlowoil a thought on ( lio wretched liU . lo worm which worlm it . H < 1 ch ( ruction P " — - JVIaiua . Kouuwoirm . INTRODUCTION . 5 | M | 3 WI 1 K scholar , the gentleman , and the connoisseur , arc naturally inte-^ ! jjf \ l rested in the picture art . They claim to uii ( lerstan < l whatever JWf relates to it , suul to appVeeiate the varied discussions and criticisms < P 4 of which the great art of painting is the constant subject . At first sight it would seem that interest in this topic must be confined to these classes . lUit , lit . cmt . iu-c , which lias penetrated to nil orders of men , lias made even the line aits to have a definite relation to ( . he humblest , to whom some of the noblest , collections of pictures and sculptures have been opened for contemplation . Thousands now flock to witness and to wonder at , productions of the pencil and the chisel , hitherto couiincd to favoured eyes . Statesmen and friends of education have home witness to the relining inlliiencc of art , on the multitude . It is thought that refinement , can scarcely take place without a thorough understanding of the objects gazed upon and venerated , and some urge that , the Knglish people have not that constitutional aptness for the line arts , peculiar to certain nations . Hut , il our people are not " driven impetuousl y by constitution or passion" to such pursuits , it ia very manifest thu , t they can be " directed rcuulurly , by reiuon ,

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Jan. 8, 1853, page 44, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_08011853/page/20/