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THE DERBY GOVERNMENT A^D THE UNITED STAT...
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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The change we announced last week in the Tuscan Government has , it seems , been revoked , or suspended _^ . Bocella quitting the Ministry _altogether " with all the honours , " and M . _Bjaldasseroni retaining the Presidency . A lineal descendant of Michel Angelo Buonaroti is M . Bocella ' s successor in the Ministry of Public Instruction . We shall be glad to . believe-that Sir \ _£ _Ienry Bulwer is beginning to be felt in Tiiscany . Nothing can be much worse than even M . Baldasseroni _' s administration .
Crime appears this week in many forms . At the Mansion-house , the adventurers who are called to account for preying on the ignorance of emigrants have been re-examined , and the more the case is investigated the worse it becomes in extent and turpitude . A similar swindle has been exposed at Liverpool , only it was on a smaller scale .
What with trials and new cases , there is a plentiful show of unnatural murder—murder of parent by child , or of children by mothers . In all cases the crime would seem to be traceable to the morbid condition of the culprit , or to bewildered ignorance , or to both . The criminals might be more beneficially treated if they were brought , at an earlier stage , before a tribunal of medicine or education .
The same leniency cannot be shown to the crimes committed by railway managers ; who would blush to plead ignorance , and would scarcely plead insanity . It would need both , however , to exculpate them from the charge involved in the parsimonous plan , of so constructing a railway that , by combination of carriage and bridge , it becomes a guillotine for the incautious passenger who looks out of window ; or that other plan , of using an ashpan so old in its fixings that it falls off , scotches the progress of a whole train , turns it off the line , and converts it into a machine for
stopping another tram . The sporting with railways as gigantic man-traps , however , hardly evinces so insane an effrontery as Mr . Laing ' s vindication of Railway Companies from liability to compensation for such accidents , which he compares to the uncontrollable " lightning from heaven . " But Mr . Laing is clearly daft : by way of reconciling that jovial doctrine to Parliament , he makes a joke of accidents to Bishops and Lord Chancellors , and claims from Parliament a law which shall
enable railway companies to treat injured goods and damaged dignitaries " on the same principle . " Probably Mr . Laing will introduce a Bill , and get Lord Torrington , or some other railway lord , to support it in the House of Peers hy the same argument ? It would have so powerful an effect in persuading Bishops anil Law Lords to vote for the Bill !
The resurrection of the Crystal Palace , to be called henceforth the " Palace of the People , " is an event that would atone for even a larger budget of political and social sins and miseries than we have this week to record . It is an epoch . Auspicious was the Thursday : a bri ght , glad sun lighting up the landscape and the company ; a gentle breeze fanning the August , heats , a cheerful sense of happy auguries prevailing over all . The special train , full of celebrities—literary , political ,
social , artistic—landed its freight in good time to allow a lingering ride or walk b y the side of the wood , from the station to the Park ; a grateful relief from the dull scenery of the line . Yew but exclaimed , as the crest ol' the hill , tented and bannered for the day , was gained , and the soft , wavy , garden-like Lnglish landscape of woody dale and lur / . y hill lay like a picture before the site of the future Palace ,- — - " How much better
than Hyde-park ! Ami so even upon Lords Campbell and John Manners , upon Sibthorp and Rotten-row , blessings were bestowed—the unconscious benefactors ! But it was felt that the hostility of Hyde-pink had preserved the palace from public apathy " in a land where all things are forgotten . " Friends met , and exchanged personal congratulations * on what seemed to eaeh a
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personal _happiness , or examined Mr . Owen Jones's exquisite desi _gn * of the palace expectant , while the ceremony _ifrithin the central transept ( now marked out by flags of all nations ) , was accomplished , Mr . Laing officially christening the building , _" The Palace of the People / ' and enforcing very earnestly its right to that title . Five hundred guests found fare enough in a
hospitable tent , and champagne corks fired many a royal salute in the course of two hours . The after-dinner oratory was eagerly listened to by many who had not din _? d , and who stood outside the barriers , intent upon the recital of the history of the building and of its migration by Mr . Laing , of the moral and philosophy thereof by Mr . Scott Russell .
Sir Charles Lyell returned thanks for the visitors agreeably , _^ fjr Joseph Paxton for himself ralcily and _practicably , Sir Charles Fox spoke readily and smoothly , Mr . Owen Jones elegantly and feelingly . Not- the least grateful sight was the gangsmen employed on the old and new building , who fared sumptuously at the common table , and who cheered the names of Fox , Henderson , and Owen Jones , with a heartiness that was contagious , for it had the accent of respect , devotedness , and affectionate gratitude—the true co-operation of hand and heart !
A brilliant day ! the visitors streaming in wayward delight and admiration through the park , listening to the military music—gazing , by anticipation , upon the radiant palace , or on the grand fountain , with its arching rain , 250 feet high , surpassing far the Waters of Versailles , or sauntering amongst the parterres of flowers which a Paxton has created out of those mounds of earth .
Churches and chapels will preach no better homily than this united voice of nature , art , and science to the toiling millions who may come to seek brief refuge here from London streets !
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The Derby Government A^D The United Stat...
THE DERBY GOVERNMENT A _^ D THE UNITED STATES . A dispute—which looks threatening , but which we are assured is not likely to bring the two countries to an open rupture—has arisen between England and tho United States , out of the contested fisheries off the coast of our North American provinces . The following document , issued semi-officially by Mr . Webster , brings the matter before the public : —
THE AMERICAN FISHERIES . DKPAETMENT OP STATE . Washington , July C , 1852 . —Information of an official character has been received at this department to tho following effect Tho lato Ministry of England was opposed to the granting of bounties on principle , and in consequence it steadily refused to givo tho necessary assent to tho acts of the colonial legislature granting bounties to the fisheries . Tho colonies complained severally of this interference with their local affairs , and they further complain that tho Government declined to enforce the provisions of tho fishery convention of 1818 , and thereby permitted American fishermen to encroach upon the best fishing-grounds from which , under the legal construction of tho treaty , they ought to be excluded .
"With the recent chango of Ministry in England has occurred an entire change of policy . The present Secretary of Slate for the Colonies , Sir John Pakington , has addressed a circular letter to the Governors of the several North American Colonies , an extract from which is as follows : — " _DowniiiK-Htroot , May UGth , 1852 . "Among the man y pressing subjects which have engaged the attention of her Majesty's Ministers since their assumption of ofiice , few have been more important in their estimation than tho questions relating to the protection solicited for the fisheries of tho coasts of British North America . Her Majesty ' s Government have taken into their serious consideration the presentations upon this subject contained in your despatches noted in tho margin , unci have not failed to observe , that whilst active measures
have been taken by certain colonies for the purpose of encouraging their fisheries and of repelling tho intrusion of foreign vessels , it has been a subject of complaint that impedimenta should have been offered by the policy of the Imperial Government to the enactment of bounties considered by the local legislature ** essential for the protection oi' this trade- Her Majesty ' s Ministers are desirous of removing all grounds of complaint on the part of the colonies , in _coriHoquetico of encroachment of tho fishing vessel *) of the l . nitod States upon waters from -which they are excluded by the terms of the Convention of 181 H , and they therefore intend to despatch as soon as possible a small naval force of steamers , or other small _vossols , to enforce the observance of that Convention . "
This announcement in uccompaniod by the following as to bounties : — " With regard to tho question of promoting tho _fiaheries
The Derby Government A^D The United Stat...
of the Imjiaih colonies by the means of bountf _* Majesty * * < W * ninent , though desirous to _sanction er necessary deviation from the policy which _reffuktT _^ commerce of thin Country _* are still disinclined ton / these _colonies by interposition of imperial _authority Vent especially pending the negotiation with the _United _sV _?* of America for the settlement of the principles on iv the commerce of the British North American _coloif hereafter to be carried on , from adopting the policy * v _u they may deem most conducive to their own _™*™ _w _, and welfare . " P «* pent _y Meantime , and within the last ten days , an Ameri fishing vessel called the Coral , belonging to _Machiaa _^ Maine , has been seized in the Bay of Fund y , near q , ' _" } Menan , by the officer commanding her Majesty ' s cutt j _\ _voieifttueauhjtivbu ui _lunv ior alle
. , __ y . uay , an ged infract ! of the fishing convention , and the fishing vessel hash ° carried to the port of St . John , New Brunswick yrh proceeding * have been taken in the Admiralt y Court with a view to lier condemnation and absolute forfeiture . B sides the small naval force to be sent out b y the Imperial Government , the colonies are bestirring themselves _alsofo the protection of their fisheries . Canada has fitted out an armed vessal to be stationed in the gulf , and this vessel has proceeded to the fishing grounds , having on board not only a naval commander and crew , with power to _seise vessels within limits , but also a stipendiary magistrate and civil police to make prisoners of all who are found trans
gressmg the laws of Canada , in order to their being committed to gaol in that colony for trial . The colony of Newfoundland has fitted out an armed vessel for the purpose of resisting the encroachments of French fishing vessels on the coast of Labrador , but when ready to sail from _her port , the Governor of that colony , acting under Imperial instructions , refused to give the commander of the colonial vessel the necessary authority for making prize of French vessels found trespassing . This is an extraordinary circumstance , especially when taken in connexion with the fact that the like authority to seize American _fishingvessels under similar circumstances has never been refused to the cruisers of any of the North American colonies . The colony of Nova Scotia has now four armed cruisers , well manned on its coasts , ready to pounce upon any American vessels who may accidentally or otherwise be found fishing within the limits defined by the Crown officers of England . New
Brurvowick has agreed with Canada and Nova Scotia to place a _cwew in the Bay of Fundy to look after Americans fishing there , and ut Prince Edward's Island , and her Majesty's steam-frigate , Deeu . ** ation , has been placed under the instructions of the Governor os t \ _ia . t colony . The first article of the Convention between tho _TlT-jited States and Great Britain , of the 20 th October , 1818 , is in _« . _^ words : — " Whereas , differences have arisen respecting tKem 4 * ty claimed by the United States for the inhabitants thereof to take , dry , and cure fish on certain coasts , _bayB , harbours , and creeks of his Britannic Majesty ' s dominions in America , it is agreed between the high contracting parties that the inhabitants of the said United States shaft have for ever , in common with the subjects of his Britannic Majesty , the liberty to take fish of every kind on that part of the southern coast of Newfoundland which extends from Cape Bay to the Bameau Islands on the western and northern coasts
of said Newfoundland from the said Cape Bay to Quirpon Islands on the shores of the Magdalen Islands and also on the southern coasts , bays , harbours and creeks from Mount Jolly on the southern coast of the Labrador , to and through the straits of Belle Isle , and thence northwardly indefinitely along the coast , without prejudice , however , to any of tho exclusive rights of the Hudson's Bay Company , and that tho American fishermen shall also have liberty for ever to dry and cure fish in any of the unsettled bays , harbours , and creeks of the southern part of the coast or Newfoundland hereabovo described , and off tho coast of Labrador , but so soon as the same or any portion thereof shall be settled , it shall not be lawful for tho said fishermen to dry or euro fish at such portion so settled without previous agreement for such purpose , with the inhabitants , proprietors , or possessors of tho ground .
" And tho United _Statou horoby renounce for over any liberty enjoyed or claimed by tho inhabitants thereof to tako , dry , or euro fish on or within three marine miles ot any of tho coasts , bays , creeks , or harbours of h \ B Britannic Majesty ' s dominions in America not included within the above mentioned limits . Provided , however , that tho American fishermen shall bo admitted to enter such bays or harbours for the purpose of shelter and of repairing damages therein , and purchasing wood and obtaining water , and for no other purpose whatever . But thoy shall bo under sueh restrictions as may bo necessary to prevent their taking , drying , or curing fish therein , or in any other manner whatever , abusing tho privileges hereby reserve them . " It would appear that by a strict and rigid _contate
struction of this article , fishing vessels of tho United »» are precluded from entering into bays and harbours o the British provinces , except for tho purposes of _ehelter , rejiairing damages , and obtaining wood and water _, bay , as i . s usually understood , is nn arm or recess ot tn sea entering from the ocean between capos or hoadlftii < i H > and the term is applied equally to small and largo traow of water thus situated . It is common to speak of _Hu'uoi Bay or the Bay of Biscay , although thoy aro very _>^ S " tracts of water . The British authorities insist that _It-ngltm « l has a right to draw a line from headland to ho _««« _jPJ and to capture all A rnerican fishermen who _W _^ J , ' their pursuits inside of that line . It was undoubtedly «" _oversight in the Convention of 1818 . to make BO l _« rg <> ui
concession to England , since tho United States bad u _« u « y considered that those vast inlets or recesses of the ° _™ _^ ought to be open to American fishermen , as freely _«« sea itself , to within three marino miles of thei shore . IB . ' )! , the Legislature of Nova Heotia proposed a cttso » tho consideration of tho Advocate-General and Atioru j General of England upon tho truo construction oi article of the Convention . _-g Tho opinion delivered by thoso officers of tho eroff" « _tliat by tho torma of tho Convention A . m « nc « n _««¦«* "
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Citation
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Leader (1850-1860), Aug. 7, 1852, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_07081852/page/2/
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