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    February 7, 1857.] THE LEADER. 12&

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    OUR CIVILIZATION.. ? ¦ '. ' ¦ ¦ •: THE U...

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    Rkkusino to Woitic.—Sixteen able-bodied ...

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    Continental Notes. Fuance. Somk Reductio...

    in 1855 , and was dedicated to the King , who was completely deceived , and ordered several copies of the book , placing the presentation copy on his shelf . When he found out his mistake , he was greatly angered ; and the article in the Revue de Paris reopened the wound . Accordingly , he complained to the French Government , which salved the sore place by suspending the Revue . Orders , it is said , have "been despatched to Toulon for the immediate departure of a fleet for China . With reference to the Count de Chambord ' 3 letter to M . Pugeot , one of the Orleans Princes has publicly denied that the word ' fusion' indicates anything more than a family reconciliation . It appears that it is utterly void of political significance . The Tribunal of Correctional Police has commenced the trial of twenty-four persons belonging to a secret society .

    The Pays announces that another collision has taken place on the frontiers of Persia , between the Russians and the Turcoman tribes . The French Foreign-Office is engaged in examining the validity of the French claim to the island of Karrack , now occupied by the English troops . The question respecting the liberty of distributing electoral tickets in France has again been before the Court of Cassation , by which the decision of the Imperial Court of Lyons in favour of the view that electoral tickets do not fall under the law of colportage has been put aside- This sends the case before another Imperial Court . GEB 5 IANT .

    An article that appeared in the last number of the Catholic Sunday Paper , which is edited by a priest and published at Munich , has produced a very great sensation . The murder of the Archbishop of Paris is not exactly justified , but it is excused , and Verger is represented as a kind of martyr . The late Archbishop is accused of undue severity towards the lower clergy , and it is said that the same charge may with justice be made against the Roman Catholic hierarchy in Germany . The article has made so much noise in Bavaria , that the Jesuits have considered it necessary to announce in the public papere that they are in no connexion with the above-mentioned paper . —Times Vienna Correspondent .

    ITALY . The condition of Naples appears , possible , to grow worse every day . The prisons are overfilled , and the wretched captives are kept without any fi re in damp cells , and are denied either chairs or pallets . A journalist who had been in prison , and who was about to be dismissed , as he was in fact a Royalist , injudiciously remarked that the treatment he had received was , hardly to be matched at Tunis . He was ttartoupm s ubjected to a flogging . The police stop the most inoffensive passengers in the streets , search , insult , and beat them , and at the slightest murmur carry them off . In short , there is a complete Reign of Terror . The King has left Naples for Caserta ; but fear and suspicion follow him , and he denies himself even to his ministers .

    He only allows the priests to enter his chamber ; and even they are searched beforehand , to see that they have no concealed weapons . He is afraid of travelling by rail , lest he should be blown up , and gas inspires him with alarm . He has distributed money among the lazzaroni ; so that , in tho case of any outbreak , we may expect to hear of a repetition of the horrible massacres committed by those savage Bedouins of the streets in May , 1848 . The Swiss soldiers show no sign of a desire to leave for their own country ; indeed , some of the officers have been heard to say that they -would be fools to leave a place where they are so well off . Except in these privileged circles , dismay and sadness darken the faces and weigh down the hearts of all . Mourning is very generally worn , and the Carnival is unheeded .

    Some particulars of the precautions taken at Caserta by the King are given by the Daily News Naples correspondent . They will remind the reader of the way in which Louis XL of France entrenched himself at Plessisles-Tours . We read : —" A special police fo r tho palace has been formed , it is said , and written instructions have been drawn up and consigned to an employe of the royal household , as to the mode in which these duties are to be executed . Eighty-four siirri , picked men , and advanced in lift ( Calabrese and Sicilians being rejected ) , have been sent from Naples , with a number of the

    infantry body-guard . To these men is confided tho delicate offico of guarding the palace . At the same time directions have been given to the inhabitants of houses looking into tho hoschctto of tho palace to have their windows closed at certain intervals of the day . A strong patrol of cavalry is always on guard in tho vast piazza which lies before tho palnce , and another body is continually on patrol in the courts of the palace Every person , again , who comes to Caserta is accompanied by a soldier , who watches over him till he leaves for Naples . It ia forbidden , too , to traverse the road which leads directly from tho station to tho

    palace , and persons aro compelled to go by another road , which passes close to the barracks . " An attempt has been inado to stab the Archbishop of Accrenza and Matcra , in tho kingdom of the Two Sicilies ; and at the same timo one of tho canons was actually murdered . Tho Gazette de Lyon says that tho attempt waa made during tho forty hours prayers ,

    " while the Archbishop was on his knees on the steps of the altar , adoring the Holy Sacrament . A few moments before the benediction , a priest rushed from behind the altar , and stabbed the Archbishop with a poniard . One of the canons near the prelate pushed the arm of the assassin and broke the force of the blow . The poniard hung in the Archbishop ' s robes , and wounded him but very slightly . He at once took to flight , and then the priest , drawing a pistol from under his garments , shot the canon dead . No reason for this sacrilegious murder is yet known . "

    " One of the two frigates of the United States , the Susquehanna , " says a Genoa letter , " has left for Naples , in obedience to the summons of the American Minister in that city , who does not think the political situation at all satisfactory . " The King of Sardinia has returned to Turin from Nice . While at the latter city , he received from the English residents there an address congratulating him on the liberal policy wliich he pursues . On his journey back to Turin , the King received numerous demonstrations of popularity . A Turin paper alludes to an insurrection in Milan .

    AUSTRIA . "It is stated , " says the Times Paris correspondent , " that the English and French Governments have instructed their respective ambassadors to intimate to the Austrian Government their great satisfaction at the conduct of the j'oung Emperor at Milan , in granting so complete an amnesty . Some of the political prisoners have , it is said , ref used to quit the place of their confinement . They are informed that if they do not wish

    to leave quietly they will be expelled by force . " At the instance of the Jesuits , a work written by an Austrian priest named Giinther , the object of which is to show that revealed religion has a philosophical basi ? , has been placed by the Pope in tlie Index : Expurgatorius . The book is very popular among the young Austrian priests , and the Pope had formerly refused to confirm the condemnation of it pronounced by the Austrian " Congregation of the Holy Index . ; " but the Pontiff lias now succumbed beneath renewed requests .

    Some details , throwing a strange light upon the alleged ' liberality' the Emperor to the Italians , are given by the Daily News Vienna correspondent , -who says : — - " I ha-ve tried to apply the proper language to the occurrences . I designated the conduct of Baron Burger ' brutal' when he told Count Litta that he ought to feel honoured if the Emperor condescended to insult him , cuff his ears , and then kick him . When the Emperor told Count Litta to warn his friends that if there was a revolution he would not protect the nobles , but leave them to the fury of the mob—when , in other

    words , he threatened Italian gentlemen as he had done the Gallicians—I called such sentiments ' atrocious . '" The correspondent goes on to state that , on the night when the Emperor and Empress went to the Scala Theatre , Milan , and when the honours paid by the public are said to nave been spontaneous , the police organized a body of fi ve hundred villains , who , flushed with drink and money , went through the streets , shouting , " Light up 1 Long life to ourselves , and death to the gentry V Th « y also broke into houses and wounded several gentlemen .

    PORTUGAL . There has been some difficulty on the part of the Legitimist members of the Chamber of Deputies with respect to the oath which , they are required to take , and which runs thus : — " I swear inviolable fidelity to tlie Roman Catholic Apostolic religion , to the King , the nation , and the constitutional charter , and that I will aid to the utmost of my ability the promulgation of just and wise laws , calculated to promote the prosperity of the people , the glory of the King , and the splendour of the State . " The Legitimists say their scruples will be satisfied by the alteration in the oath previously proposed fcy

    befior Pcreira dc Cunha , one of their number . According to this , tho oath would stand as follows : — " In conformity with the powers which have been granted to me , and in tho exercise of tho functions of deputy , I swear that I will do all that may be conducive to tlie general welfare of the nation , within the limits of the constitutional charter and the act added to it . " Tlie President of tho Chamber , in conciliatory language , intimated to the Legitimists that , as they refused to take the oath as it stood , they must retire ; which they did , and it was then resolved that tlie proposed alteration should be submitted to a committee .

    Many rumours of changes in tlie Ministry aro in circulation . Mr . Oliveira , M . P ., lias left Portugal for England , Ho has been making a tour for the promotion of a general reduction in this country of the duties upon wine . Tho JJritish factors of Oporto gave liim a grand dinner , and the Commercial Association of that city elected him an honorary member , and sent a deputation to compliment him upon his exertions in . tho cause . Indeed , ho is stated to > have boon received everywhere with groat enthusiasm .

    RUSSIA . The assertions of tho English papers relative to tho pretended acceptance of tho British ultimatum by Persia are incorrect , according to a despatch from Berlin . A

    Russian note protests against the pretensions of England , admitting , at the same time , the evacuation of Herat bv Persia . . According to the Czas , there is some probability of the Russians marching into Central Asia . A Russo-American company is about to navigate some of the Siberian rivers . The concession for the Karnthner Railroad has just been granted by the Emperor ; but the " founders" have not yet been able to place shares of the nominal value of 15 , 000 , 000 florins . SPAIN . The 3 fadrid Gazette of the 27 th ult . publishes a Royal decree , authorizing the definitive constitution of the company for the construction of a railway from Madrid fco Saragossa and Alicante , granting a month for commencing operations .

    February 7, 1857.] The Leader. 12&

    February 7 , 1857 . ] THE LEADER . 12 &

    Our Civilization.. ? ¦ '. ' ¦ ¦ •: The U...

    OUR CIVILIZATION . . ? ¦ ' . ' ¦ ¦ : THE UNEMPLOYED . Applications by bodies of unemployed labourers have been made during the week at the Mansion House , Bowstreet , Marylebone , Thames , Clerkenvrell , and Lambeth police-offices , where the men complained that they had been refused relief by the various workhouses . At the Marylebone office the } ' collected in such large numbers , and were so threatening in their demeanour , that it was found necessary to tell them the police would be sent for unless "they became quieter ; and at the Thames office the attendants -were obliged to close the outer doors . In . all these cases , it appeared from the statements of the parish authorities , or from the admissions of the men , that the applicants had been offered work and food , hut

    that they refused , to enter the walls of the workhouses , and demanded out-door relief . The deputation to the Marylebone office carried a banner which stated that 150 , 000 men are out of work in London . Mr . Broughton , the [ magistrate , described this as a falsehood , and advised the men to call again , at the workhouse and take the work offered them . The same advice was tendered at Bow-street and Lambeth ; and the men dispersed . At the Thames office , a man was brought up charged with begging . He had been seen in company -with some dozen others , carrying a shovel and soliciting money . This was held by Mr . Yardley to be intimidation ; but he dismissed the man , observing that any repetition of the offence would be severely punished . The man ' s

    companions were at therback of the court ; and two , advancing , stated that diey had been ref used relief ; but it appeared that they had only been refused out-door assistance . One of them said he would rather go to prison than into a workhouse . Mr . Yardley told him he was talking nonsense , as no stain attaches to the pauper , while , on the other hand , " people will not employ gaolbirds . " The magistrate , indeed , delivered himself with some of his usual roughness , talking in a rather high strain of the " inevitable" distress of the working classes at certain seasons , and of a portion of that distress being caused by the " improvidence" of labouring men . He added , however , that he sympathized with their distress , and he ordered the chief usher of the

    court to give the unmarried men of the gang a quartern loaf each , and the married men two loaves . Soon after this was done , a deputation of unemployed labourers entered the court , and , having stated their distresses , were relieved with sixpence or a shilling each . The same sums were given to other famishing individuals in the course of the day . —In the evening , a crowded meeting of the unemployed workmen was held at 4 < the institution , " Weston-street , Camden Town , for the purpose of receiving the reports of the deputations which had attended the various parishes in the morning . A disposition was here shown to adopt the parochial condition of going into the workhouses , and performing the allotted toil . The chairman ( Mr . John Brien , a house painter ) having exhorted his comrades to preserve order , the

    meeting peaceably separated . Another gathering in Sinitlifield had taken place early in the morning , when the proceedings of the < lay were arranged , and it was resolved that any one who should break the peace should be at once given into custody , —At a meeting on Wednesday of the directors of the poor of St . Pancras , Mr . Churchwarden Wyatt , alluding to the refusal of many of the applicants to work , observed that " the fact was the persona wore not destitute , and there was some sort of political movement in the matter . "—A young man is under remand at Marylebone , charged with assaulting the relieving overseer of the workhouse ; and , on Thursday , at tho Thames office , Mr . Yardloy committed a man to a fortnight ' s hard labour for being concerned with others in intimidating a baker into giving bread .

    Rkkusino To Woitic.—Sixteen Able-Bodied ...

    Rkkusino to Woitic . —Sixteen able-bodied paupera belonging to Christ church workhouse , eleven of whom were considerably under forty years of « ge , were brought up at Southwark police-office last Saturday , charged with refusing to perform the work allotted them in return for their maintenance , and setting tho paridh authorities at defiance . They n . sscrted that the food was insufficient , and that they hud not the strength to work upon it . This was denied by Mr . Blake , the clerk to tho guardians , who said they were liberally treated . Until

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), Feb. 7, 1857, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_07021857/page/5/