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Leader (1850-1860), 6th November 1858, Edition 2 of 2, Page 4, THE EDUCATION MOVEMENT. Skcondary Ei>cca...

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      Rphe Events Of The Week Are Many And, Fo...

      In connexion with the Liverpool Borough Bank , Mr . Dixon has applied successfully to the Court of "Queen ' s Bench for a new trial . The tragedy at Bradford is a fit climax to the story of fraud which was brought to light a year or two back , -when upon careful examination it was found that wholesome and unadulterated articles of food were exceptions to the rule regulating supply . A wholesale confectioner at Bradford makes a villanous compound of sugar , plaster of Paris , & c . } and sells it as peppermint-lozenges . He buys Ms plaster of Paris of a chemist , under the names

      of " daft" or " alibi . " Once , when he sends for " daft , " the chemist is ill ,, and . his shop-boy , not yet conversant with the " mysteries" of his profession , has to inquire of his master where the " daft" is kept . He is directed to go into the cellar , where he will find a tub containing a white powder—that is " daft . " He goes down ; finds two tubs containing white powder , chooses from one , and supplies as " daft "—arsenic ! The "

      peppermint lozenges" are compounded ; a retail dealer purchases between thirty and forty pounds of them ; sells them in the open market-place of Bradford , and—fifteen people are destroyed , and 170 more are at this moment dangerously ill . But what is to be done ? -. Alas ! the poison-lozenges of Bradford are only the results of a system of trade . We -may vow never to eat another lozenge ; but , while the standard of trading morality is so low , we may not hope to escape plaster of Paris , in one form or another—nor even arsenic .

      In London , at the present moment , we have a horror of a different kind . The parish of St . Martin ' s-i 11-1 he-Fields having determined to build upon the site of its burial-place in Pratt-street , Camden Town , has set-a number of navvies to work to clear the ground of its dead . The fellows set to workiii the most revolt iugly brutal way , and scattered the fragments of bodies right and left , until the onlooking public is worked into a frenzy of disgust and indignation . The navvies have been stoned from the ground , and a riot is not unlikely to be the end of the hideous struggle if the matter is not decided by the interference of the Home Secretary .

      South Kensington Musedm . —In , order to aid in the formation of a series of the works of British engravers , ¦ which is in progress at the Museum , of Art , South Kensington , Mr , Sheepshanks has given a valuable collection of many hundred engravings , chiefly proof impressions , together -with several series exhibiting the various states of the plates . The donation includes many impressions after paintings by Leslie , Landseer , and others , whose works form portion of the gallery of pictures which he gave to the public . Mr . Sheepshanks has also given an interesting and valuable collection of etchings by Landseer and others .

      A Njkw Discovery in Piiotogkaphv . —The problem of the possibility of taking photographic pictures and portraits by artificial light has been satisfactorily solved by a gentleman named Moule , who has discovered a light by the aid of which pictures can be taken at night . The pictures are remarkable for a beauty of shade seldom seen in those taken in the ordinary way . The light is produced by burning a compound called " photogenic composition , " and no doubt , in a very short time , photographing by night will become as popular as it is now by day .

      Memorial Window . — In the beautiful little chapel erected by the Rev . R . W . Sibthorp , the Rev . H . Usher , of Broadwell Rectory , Gloucester , has placed another memorial window—0110 in all respects unquestionably the finest which modern art has produced . The subject is the Adoration of the Magi—all the figures being life-like and pictorially grouped . In gein-like brilliancy the glass far excels any other modern-stained glass in tho city , and the foliage , adopted from the windows of the cathedral of Bourges , is unsurpassed . The following is the inscription : —••• In affectionate remembrance of Humphrey and Susannah Waldo Sibthorp , his father and mother , Humfroy Wnldo Sibthorp , Rector tf Washingboro , places this window . "—Stanford

      Mar-Pi / bmo Itvihxjtit . —Tho health of London is reported by tho Registrar-General to be in about the usual state for tho period of the year , . tho rote of mortality being only slightly in excess of tho average , There was no diminution last week in the deaths from scarlatina ; they again amounted to 156 . Tho total deaths were 1188 , and births 1780 . Dr .- Letheby reports the mortality returns for tho City as a Httlo bolow tho average , the total deaths being 40 .

      The Convention (As Far As They Have Roac...

      . THE LEADER . [ No . 450 , November 6 , 1856 . J . JLOU .. . * ; _ ,, ; , :... _ - ' "T" " _— . ; ¦ r ; --- - - ¦ ¦¦ - ¦¦ . ..

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      The Education Movement. Skcondary Ei>Cca...

      THE EDUCATION MOVEMENT . Skcondary Ei > ccatiox . —On . Saturday , at Burnley ' tliere Was a large gathering of the hast Lancashire , Union of Mechanics' Institutions , at Uie distribution P prizes to the successful candidates at the recent examinations held bv one of her Majesty ' s Inspectors , I he Marquis of Hartington , who presided , sa . d he-was glad to find that Mr . Gladstone had expressed the same Views as to the importance of competitive examinations which he himself urged upon the members of this Union last year . He believed it was impossible to obtain any success without the introduction of the principle of competition . The education of the working classes terminated very further

      earlv , and it was acknowledged that some education , or some assistance towards self-education , was absolutely- deeded . The * only way in which this could be provided was by mechanics' institutions or schools . It was one of the great objects of this Union to revive and strengthen such institutions ; and he was glad to find that it had been successful . A letter had been received from Mr . C . B . Adderley , M . P ., offering , as a proof of the cordial interest which he took in the present experiment , to give a prize . Mr . Adderley added , " Lam anxious to dp this as a mark ot the sense I ought officially to entertain of the importance of the Uuion which you have well established for the secondary education of the working classes . ' — Viscount Goderich , M . P ., said ; This work of secondary education is at present the most important branch of All who in

      the great subject of education . are engaged the conducting of primary schools are met by one great difficulty , that the children of the working classes are taken away from those schools at so early an age as to make it impossible that they should have received anv extended education , or have been soundly grounded in the elements of knowledge . The remedy which has suggested itself is this , —that we should endeavour to get hold of these lads and young women after they have left the day school , and devise means whereby they may continue the education they have received , either in evening classes or in mechanics' institutions . Various institutions have been established for this purpose ; but our experience teaches ustfhat in numberless cases they do not satisfactorily fulfil the function of institutions for secondary education . Something , then , was wanting by which institutions of this kind might be made more

      effectually to do the work for which they were intended . I think that no . means of which I have yet heard seem so thoroughly and effectually to carry out the object in view as that which you are endeavouring in this Union to apply . The distinguishing feature of this Union is not merely that it brings about a union of institutions of a particular district , but that it provides them with trained teachers , persons whoee competence has been tested , and wlio are able to go week after week seaching in their classes , and pointing out to those engaged in . the local management the means by which those classes may be altered effectually . This Union affords the means whereby the various institutions of which it is composed may bo brought together , and their respective merits tested by competition . The result of that is to give a great stimulus to the exertions of each individual institution . At tho same time , by tho incentive of prizes , the students of the stimmaieu

      institution are stimulated , , ana oy tho particular kind of examination which has been adopted to strive for tho nttainment of a sound English education . I am glad to see that in these examinations too much is not attempted . And now a few words as to tho students . It is no easy task for them when they have left their work in the factory to attend these evening classes night after . night for the purpose of cultivating their intellects . I am not one of those who think there is anything inconsistent between learning and work ; on tho contrary , I believe that they mutually aid ono another ; and if you are to choose , 1 would prefer to have a combination of work and learning rather than of study and leisure .

      In conclusion , let mo say that I consider tho experiment as one of the most important that is going on ; and I trust that our example will bo followed in other parts of tho kingdom . —The Bishop of Manchester spoke in warm terms of the progress of tho Union . Ho advised the studonts to read Eng lish from the best authors ; and when studying geography , to connect it with historical events . —The Right Hon . W . Cowper said : I am glad to have an opportunity of saying that I think tho organisation of this Union deserves a good deal of attention , and might advantageously be imitated olaewhore . —¦ Mr . R . M . MUnes , M . P ., strongly advocated tho establishment of drawing-Bchools , and also congratulated the meeting upon the success which had hitherto attended the Union .

      England And Japan. Tnn Treaty Which ¦ Th...

      ENGLAND AND JAPAN . Tnn treaty which ¦ the K « rl of Elgin has succeeded in concluding with tho empire of Japan cannot fall eventually to produce important rosults as affecting tho foreign commerce of this country ; and tho particulars of

      the convention ( as far as they have roach-, d us ) with the circumstances attending the negotiations and visit of the representative of Great Britain , possess much int / . ( . invention- ( as far as they have roach-. d n « Y ™ - * i .

      terest . With regard to the treaty , the Xorth China Herald justly remarks that it has been effected upon advantageous terms for us : — " We understand'Chat the American treaty , signed immediately upon' the arrival of the iutetligence of the Treaty of Tien-sin , forms to a great extent the base of the treaty which has just been negotiated by the British Plenipotentiary . It provides for a resident minister at the Court of Jeddo , for the opening of the ports of Kanagawa , Nagasaki , and Hakodadi , within the term of one year , and later a port on the west and another on the east coast are to be opened , while the cities of Jeddo and Ohosaka are to be thrown open to trade . The commercial arrangements are on the most liberal possible scale . Exports are subject to a

      duty of b per cent . Imports are charged with a duty Of 20 per cent . A list of articles on which an import duty of only 5 per cent . is . charged , is excepted from this general | revision , and one of the most important concessions which we are informed was obtained by Lord Elgin was the insertion in this latter list of cotton and woollen goods . The market thus created fur our home manufactures will rival that afforded by the vast empire lately thrown open by the treaty of Tien-sin . Another important provision , which , is not contained in the American treaty , is that by which it is agreed that the tariff shall be subject to revision at the end of five years . The Russian Minister , Count Putiatine , was at Jeddo while Lord Elgin was there ; his treaty differs in . no material points . "

      A correspondent of the Times at Shanghai says that " Lord Elgin upon , his arrival at Jeddo found the late Liberal Japanese Government , with whom the Americans had treated , had been turned out of office . The Conservative or aristocratic party had replaced the enlightened Prime Minister with whom we expected to treat by men of anti-progressive ¦ tendencies . So determined , indeed , was the resistance made to any innovation , and so keen their investigation of our demands , that the work of negotiation was not unattended with difficulty , and afforded no prospect of a liberal tendency .

      On the 3 rd of August her Majesty ' s ships Furious , Retribution , Lee (" gunboat ) , and steam-yacht Emperor , destined as a present for his Majesty the Tycoon of Japan , entered the port of Nagasaki , and cast anchor immediately off the city and Dutch factory of Decima . On the following day the Calcutta , having on board the Admiral , accompanied by t-he -Inflexible , joined-the squadron , and it became necessary to decide upon the steps which should be taken for the presentation of the frothe ital of

      yacht . The distance of Nagasaki m cap the empire rendered it undesirable that so important an act should be performed there . As Mr . Ward , who commanded the yacht , had been instructed to deliver it over if possible at Jeddo , it was therefore determined that ho should proceed at once , to that place . Lord Elgin determined , by accompanying tho yacht , to avail himself of tho opportunity which would thus bo presented of gaining access to the capital , as by these means additional facilities would doubtless be aflorded for

      carrying out the object he had in view . No sooner was it decided that the presentation of the yacht should take place at Jeddo than the squadron started for Siinoda . Heavy gales obliged all four ships to run in for shelter at the Bay of ^ S asakl and it was not until the morning of the 10 th that they entered the bay of Simodn . £ ™ w ™ ™ : Townscnd Harris , Consul-General of the United States , who kindly offered his services to Lord higiu as an interpreter , which , with his k" ™; leil S ° ° the language , were most valuable . Tho Ambassador Loard f ^ n Mr . Harris that ho had only returned « few days from Jeddo , where ho had concluded Ins treaty , and wleo Count Putiatine was at that . moment negotiatingThe Dutch Resident at Nagawkt 1 a al »

      . been for some time engaged in negotiating at Jeddo , but had failed altogether in signing any treaty at all . no was at that time on his return journey overland to Wu gasaki . Simodais eighty miles from > Joddo ' . « t * h ° ox tromo point of tho gulf , at tho head of winch to cap taj is placed . Up this bay tho squadron procecdo , will 1 fair wind , on the 12 th , and reached a poll t ° M o « to tho Port of kanaeawa , beyond which no foreign ships iiaa Jver venturedf and whero the Russian Xrf ' proTo then be discerned at anchor . Captam Oaborn , pro oa _ ing his readiness to approach as near tho city as po » Bible , Lord Elgin scorned determined no' J ° J ™ opportunity of establishing a precedent like \ y to bo ao in future intercourse with Jap . , and , to i aut mi " !

      important our mportant m «»« »»»» , ••" , , ; inos ( , tho the astonishment of both Russians and J « PJ » » ™ ^^^^^ r ^ rr vx ^ Xf ^^ iSl ^ JKSgiSi . 'i lowed oaoh other , with officials of aaeomling dofero . rank , to bog thorn to return to Kmiagawa 1 t « a- » tho . anchorage' was dangerous , tho , It ^™ Jl hnppaalblo to procure and send off sup piles . * " unt Kanagawa wore expatiated on In vain ; the pnro » _

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Nov. 6, 1858, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_06111858/page/4/