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Leader (1850-1860), 4th October 1851, Edition Country of 2, Page 4

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      Some Mysteries Of The Austrian Money Mar...

      of the causes of its failure , especially if one takes into account its favourable chances before enumerated , and the almost unparalleled efforts of Austria and its creatures in the European money market to insure a success adequate to the critical financial epoch of the empire . Circumstances and even mysteries of the Austrian money market are here cooperating , which I shall endeavour to expose by well ascertained facts and by an analysis unadorned , comprehensive , and as far as I know , not yet undertaken in this manner . I shall , however , reserve

      for the future to disclose all the facts and mysteries known to me relating to this subject , and I shall have for the present accomplished my task if I shall succeed in rendering clear my conscientious conviction that the Austrian Government is already lost in the loose transactions of a bankruptcy not yet declared , but not the less real and incurable , and if my analysis will interest even those who already share my opinion of the ruined fortunes of Austria . I remain , Sir , * your obedient servant , Karl Tausenau . 8 , Barnard ' s-inn , Holborn .

      936 Fit) T Heat! Et. [Saturday ,

      936 fit ) t Heat ! et . [ Saturday ,

      Liberation Of Kossuth The Corporation Of...

      LIBERATION OF KOSSUTH The Corporation of the City of London , have done themselves the infinite honour of passing , by an immense majority , the following resolution on the motion of Mr . Charles Gilpin : — " That this Court do present an address of congratulation to Louis Kossuth , on his liberation from captivity and arrival in this country , and that the same be presented in open court . " Mr . Anderton moved the previous question , solely on the ground that in its corporate capacity the Court had no right to interfere . It was seconded by Mr . Deputy Corney , who created much laughter by saying : —

      " That if anything can accelerate our downfal—( No , no )—these very acts are the ladder by which we shall descend into oblivion . ( Laughter , and cries of ' Oh / ' )" Mr . Alderman Wire and Mr . Bennock heartily supported the original motion , and only three hands ¦ were held up for the amendment . A committee was accordingly appointed to prepare an address forthwith .

      Father Gavazzi And The Friends Of Italy....

      FATHER GAVAZZI AND THE FRIENDS OF ITALY . Father Gavazzi delivered his fifth lecture , on Thursday week , at Glasgow ; his theme was , " Italy , its hope and future . " The City-hall was crowded , and the enthusiasm undiminished . In the course of his oration Gavazzi said : — " The Italian people had a right to nationality . What crime had they committed in punishment of which it should happen that Italy should never yet have formed a united nation ? They demanded not the glory of ancient Rome ; the times of conquerors ought to have ended in tomb of Napoleon . " When he demanded nationality he did not demand anything that was necessarily political . Let Italy have but its independence , and then it would arrange Us own politics . Italy did not demand their sympathy in the formation of a republic or any other form of government ; she asked merely to be allowed to speak lor herself . ( Applause . ) His ( Gavazzi's ) task was not a political one . His apostleship was not to reform civil laws , but religion . The province devolving upon him was to speak the voice of all Italy ; to Mazzini—{ cheers )—had fallen the work of making the laws of Italy . Mazzini had a civil part to play , lie ( Gavazzi ) had a religious part . "

      AVe observe , with great satisfaction , that lather Gavaz / . i urged his hearers to connect themselves with the Glasgow branch of the Association of the Friends of Italy , whose principal object was to disseminate information in regard to the real condition of that country . ( Loud cheers . )

      Protection At A Discount. The Gruduul Eb...

      PROTECTION AT A DISCOUNT . The gruduul ebbing away of the agricultural mind from the rock of protection is but too evident . All those who in any way are looked up to as chiefs , from Disraeli to Joseph Henley , directly or indirectly give up the expectation of ever seeing protective laws established again . There is another point in the agricultural meetings , which is encouraging . There is another practice they are about to give upthat of excluding politics from discussion . Not only the labourers , but the farmers , have been forced to think and make a survey of their political and sociul position .

      WATUNUTON . The Agricultural Society of Watlington met on "Wednesday week , to hour from the lipa of their two fav ourite members , Mr . Ilnreourt and Mr . Henley , what they may expect . The speeches of both these gentlemen are remarkable ; for indecision of tone and expression , very di / lorent from the direct method employed Home years ago . Mr . Ilareourl vindicated his conduct in relation to the corn laws . All his wealth consisted of landed property . Ho had made " sacrifices" coimifltont with his duty . In three counties , " to the honour of his tenants no reduction in rent , had been united , but he did not the less on that account . " Alluding to the rule ; excluding political discussion , he said : — " The ruleu of these meetings hoMO varied very much

      in different places . I am told that a rule , very useful indeed , exists here , which entirely precludes any individual from speaking upon political subjects . At Aylesbury Mr . Disraeli seems to have done otherwise . ( The Vice-Chairman— " So they did at Banbury ; " and several voices , " It ' s what we want here . ") I found myself in great difficulty at Banbury ; for when I was just mentioning the price of corn , I was interrupted by a gentleman , who told me I was talking politics . I suppose if I had merely said that the crops were exceedingly fine and productive of much grain , I should have been told I was talking politics . "

      He expressed his regret that he had not voted with Lord John Russell for a fixed duty of 8 s . He believed that that course would have prevented the rise in price in 1846 and ' 47 . " In France they had a high protective corn law , but that corn law did not protect them from distress . I passed five months entirely among French landowners during the recess of Parliament , and I learnt from them that they could not get in their rents at all . " He very strongly places before us the utter indecision of the party in favour of landed supremacy : —

      " No man feels more than I do , that something ought to be done for the agricultural community ; but it is very easy saying this . What course , with advantage , I would ask , can we pursue ? I tell you that if anything useful , reasonable , judicious , advantageous to agriculture , without being injurious to other classes and causing a bad feeling to arise , could be proposed in Parliament , there is in this room the man who would propose it . I speak not of myself , but of my colleague , who is infinitely more capable than myself of introducing such a matter ; he takes a more lively interest in parliamentary details than I do . But I don ' t either hear him say , in private conversation or in public , that he sees his way clear to anything that will be useful . "

      He confessed that " one of the worst votes he ever gave" was when he voted for the corn-law of 1815 ; and he stated that the agricultural distress of the succeeding year was so keen , " that nothing which has since occurred can be compared to it" : — " After looking carefully at all matters , I must say that we must depend upon our own arrangements—upon our capital—upon our industry . The legislature may do something for us , and in all probability will do something ere long , but still we must be dependent upon ourselves . I would say to that man who is about to embark in land , that the prices of former years are not likely to recur ; any one going to take such a step should look well at the facts before him . The people can form equally as just a judgment upon their position as I can do /'

      Mr . Harcourt s expression , that his colleague " did not see his way clear , " was fully borne out by Mr Henley ' s speech . His first positive statement was , that there was no doubt " nothing would relieve the farmer but an alteration of price . " ( Loud applause . ) Then follows the doubt and indecision : — " Whether we shall obtain that alteration , or if we obtain it , how long first , is a matter upon which there may be a great difference of opinion ; but depend upon it the only relief that can be given to the tenant farmer is an alteration in price . Whether any of that alteration of price will be obtained , is really a matter that is so problematical , that every man in this room is capable of forming an opinion upon it , as -well us your members . "

      He doubted whether a 5 s . duty would be any relief to them ; whether a reduction of rates would not have been met by a maintenance of high rents ; and he asserted positively that a reduction of one branch of taxation must be followed by the imposition of fresh tax in some other : — " 1 believe that there has been no diminution of employment . I don ' t believe that it can be denied that rates generally have decreased . I am not one of those who attribute this to the change of the laws ; I doubt whether they have had much to do with it . I know thin , Unit if the labour market of thin country , which for the last six or seven years has been increasing , had

      decreased , we should now have stood still . Immigration and the great mortality in Ireland , are questions which we must bear in consideration , as having to do with the labour market , for in estimating these matters we cannot shut Ireland out ; for good or evil she is part of us , and if she sinks we sink , but if ehe swims we naturally become more buoyant . ( Applause . ) But in Ireland , for a length of time punt , there has been a diminution nearly equal to the increase in this country for the lust ten years . And there is no doubt it must affect our labour market , and cause a fluctuation in our labour market . We have had a great increase of labour in our manufacturing populations and by the formation of railroads , & c , which must not be foigotten . . Not only has dcuth been great , but two hundred thousand have left the country within the lust twelve months , chiefly from

      Ireland , of course . It is impossible that sucli a stute of things should not ut all events be an clement in that prosperous state of the labour to which we all of us look with pleasure , and which causes it to be in such a clill ' crent condition to what , it was three or four years ago . ( Loud applause . ) It iti generally thought to bo the fact , i believe , thut the agricultural districts arc ; in a more prosperous state than they u « ed to be . This , however , it ) not the case , but quite u mistaken notion . ( Hear , hear . ) Certainly , gent . lemm , with reference to the future I cannot say that our | urou |> cct is a very pleasing one . I see no uigiib whatever , ho far an my observation enables me to judge , that would enable those gentlemen who represent you in parliament , to be enabled , with any chance of success , to unit for u new trial and a new verdict . 1 know I am speaking to parties who have had an advorsc judgment givon . ( flour , hoar . ) The

      judgment has been given agamst us . I am speaking ^ echnT cally , of course . You cannot get that judgment BetaS ? unless you can carry facts to found a new trial udoii t say , at present we have not these facts . When we h » them , we shall know how to deal with them But it useless for gentlemen to expect their representatives t make out a case , 'if that case is not supported by facts n ? of doors . You must take facts into parliament Nothi else is of any . use . 'there . . And what is more thPs must he of a nature to show that they are at least eman tions from a majority of the people . I speak now to von very plainly and not very encouragingly ; but it's decided ! v best to be candid with you , and let you know what you hav to expect . ( Applause . ) My honest conviction was that however great the distress has been , that I thought \ l would have been and not

      more so , am quite certain that it will not be so yet . I thoroughly believe , that were von to search the length and breadth of the land , that you could not get up a strong case at present to go and ask for a reversal of the law . Depend upon it , we shall have no chance of obtaining a new trial and a new verdict in parliament , unless a careful examination of the state of the country takes place , and out of that examination cases arise which clearly demonstrate that the change of the laws has been prejudicial to the interest s of the country . That I believe to be the plain truth . I should be deceiving you were I to speak otherwise . I have stated it many times before in this room , that no man was more opposed to the repeal of the corn laws than I was . I believed then that it would throw , as I believe it has thrown , great distress upon the country . ( Applause . )

      Of course , I have only given you my own opinion in this matter , and I should advise you to weigh the matter over well , and see whether you can make a case strong enough to show that a majority of the people's interests has been damaged by what has been done . I think that any gentleman who will give his calm consideration of the matter , will be of the same opinion as myself . If I cannot say at present these facts are not to be procured , it is not to say they will not at a future period . I have used every means that is in my power to enable me to watch-what is going on in the country , but I have not as yet been able to get hold of those facts which I deem necessary should be procured to benefit . us ; nor do I believe at this moment that they are to be got hold of . ( A voice ' That's honest' and ' Hear . ' ) "

      And after this rather alarming but frank avowal , Mr . Henley became oracular , as is the fashion of county members , boldly intimating that the " gama was not played out yet , " but giving no intimation as to what game .

      LTJDLOW . Similar meetings have been held at Ludlow and Maidenhead . The interesting point in the Ludlow meeting was in the speech of the Honourable R . H . Clive , M . P ., who broached the subject of corn

      rents : — " In his actions he had but one object—to be fair , just , and honest . ( Hear , hear . ) He could not hold up his head in that room without he entertained this motive . To make things as just as possible—if the price of wheat fell , so let the rent . ( Hear . ) He was not saying this to catch the applause of those around him , but from his honest convictions ; and he did think that corn rents would be best at the present time . Some people thought not * and said fixed rents . He was trying both of these systems . If prices fall , let rents fall too . ( They havo fallen long ago . ) He was quite aware of that , and . quite willing to meet it . ( Hear . ) He was trying the corn rent , because he thought it was just , and because he thought it was beneficial to the tenant . ( A little irregularity ensued . ) He was expressing here the opinion which he entertained , and which he wished to carry out . "

      MAIDENHEAD . The meeting at Maidenhead affords several points noteworthy and amusing . Major-General WemydH , who is Clerk Marshal to Prince Albert , and general manager of his farming operations , presided over the dinner of the East Berks Agricultural Association . In proposing the health of Mr . Robert Palmer and the county members he said : — " He only considered himself an itinerant member of the society ; he had no possessions in the county , nor did he ever expect to have any ; he was not even a tenant farmer ; he scarcely knew how to describe himself unless he took upon himself the title of the ' Court Agricultural Guide . ' ( Laughter and cheers . )"

      Mr . Robert Palmer only was present , Lord Harrington sent an excuso , and Mr . Pusoy did not show . Here , us elsewhere , Mr . Palmer , the meeting acquiescing , departed from the beaten tra ^ k and talked politics . " At recent meetings of agricultural associations the question of protective duties had been fully discussed , and people were led to believe that a return to tnc system under which the farming interest enjoyed ho large a xuiare of prosperity was not only possible ,

      but by no means far distant . ( Cheers . ) At thepresent moment , however ,, he would « ay that the reenactrnent of protective duties oil the importation of forejK grain wuh perfectly out of the question . Motions to > tnu . end had been mude from time to time , and defeated by larf , * majorities . With the present House of Commons tin restoration of Protection wan altogether out of the < 1 IK ' ^~ tion . Whut might be done if the country at the " «'* . nnoral election tthoukl sneak out no man could hu } ol

      When that time arrived , and the general feeling ' ' country , hb expressed in the returnu , should be that 11 < policy purmied « ince 1840 wan founded in error—tliai , protective dutiea should bo reiinpoued , not for the purpose of giving the British farmer a monopoly of tlio IiaI "" market , but in order to put him on an equality with tn foreigner—then a law to that effect would be triunopl » wui *

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Oct. 4, 1851, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_04101851/page/4/