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Leader (1850-1860), 3rd September 1853, Edition Country of 2, Page 1, Contents!:

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    • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

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      ¦ V >^V: ^1 ¦ ( I F ¦¦ ¦ • ¦ ¦ : . ' ¦ ¦...

      ¦ V >^ V : ^ 1 ¦ ( i f ¦¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ : . ' ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ :: ' :- > - ' - - - - ^ jf ^ : ¦ ¦ : ¦ - —¦ ¦ % ¦¦ ¦ ¦ ' ' ¦ ¦ ¦ -U ¦^¦ ¦ ¦ ^ i ^ ?

      ¦ " The One Idea Which History Exhibitsa...

      ¦ " The one Idea which History exhibitsas evermore developing itself into greater distinctness i 3 the Idea of Huinanity—the noble endeavour - to throw down all the barriers erected , between men by prejudice and one-sided views ; and by setting aside the distinctions of Religion , Country , and Colour , to treat the whole Human race as one brotherhood , having one great object—the free development of our spiritual nature . "—JXumboldt ' a Cosmos .

      Contents!:

      Contents ! :

      Nfws Of The Week— Pasb Criminal Eecord 8...

      nfWS OF THE WEEK— PASB Criminal Eecord 849 The Governing ClasseB . — No . I . Popular Geology .. ' .. 858 The Queen in Ireland 842 Miscellaneous ..... .. 849 H . K . H . Prince Albert ...... 854 Spanish Dramas , Old and New 859 Sir Charles James Napier ....... 843 PUBLIC AFFAIRS— A Disgrace to her Sex 856 PORTFOLIOThe Home Secretary at Home ...... 844 Ireland , Illustrated 851 „ . ~* ,. * , ^ ,, Meeting and Parting ........ 861 Letters from Paris ........................ 845 The Threatened Stop in the Bise of OPEN COUNCIL— . A _ Continental Notes .. 845 Wages 851 The Paisley Block Cutters , and Vivian Nautical 861 America and England .................. 847 Charts . 851 Dock Labourers 856 S ^^ SLt k ; ' ^ ' '"' R « i pSSnts in Spain ........: 847 The Suffolk Artillery Corps as an The Law of Divorce 857 The Cosmos Institute 861 Mrs Norton ' s Rejoinder 847 Example 852 The Law as to Servants' " Cha- -olrfT nfTn ^ nn * i ™ w + * <» ww- «« 9 Sties ofthe Chinese Struggle ... 848 Charles James Napier 852 racters" ... 857 He ^ ° lf ° ^™ ™? lf ° ?? 1 % TheWorking Classes ........... 848 The Norton Confessions ............... 853 Sunday in Glasgow 857 Births , Marriages , and Deaths . 862 The Hurricane on Friday „ .... 848 The Manufacture of Accidents 853 „ COMMERCIAL AFFAIRSCharges of Cruelty to Prisoners ...... 849 ' The Proposed Treaty between Bus- LITERATURE City Intelligence , Markets , Adver-Curiosities of Justice ... 849 sia and Turkey ... 854 Books on our Table 858 tisements , " & c . 862-864

      Vol. Iv. No. 180.] Satukday, September 3...

      VOL . IV . No . 180 . ] SATUKDAY , SEPTEMBER 3 , 1853 . [ Pkice Sixpence

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      The Four Powers Have Agreed Together In ...

      THE Four Powers have agreed together in order to , desert Turkey , and to join the Russian camp . We come to this conclusion upon the face of the Note adopted by the Fciur Powers at Vienna , and this week for the first time laid before the English public , with the alterations in the text demanded by Turkey . The case was one in which compromise was scarcely admissible . Turkey had proposed to yield everything demanded by Rnssia , except one thing ' . It was a quarrel between two parties , of which one side has yielded nine-tenths , those nine-tenths containing the whole that is justl y and substantially due , and the other tenth being a point which it would be dishonourable to ) ield . In . such a case a compromise is an insult and oppression ; it was at first understood that the Note was intended to present such -a form of agreem ent as should , simply by the style of the com position , conciliate the unjust pride of Russia , '" id still preserve to Turkey her independence . When there were rumours that , instead of accepting the agreement offered by the Four Powers , turkey might really examine it with a judgment <> r her own , great indignation was expressed at her unwillin gness to enter into a " compromise" which the Note was now called . It would have been a dis grace to her to enter into a compromise , as it would have been a disgrace to the Four Powers to propose such a-measure . l i f

      i » ut the Note which now comes before us is not ( 1 vcn that compromise . It is true that it does not preseitt itself in the form of a treaty , which Turkey "as declined to admit even in the ' basis of the negotiations . It is tt Note to be signed by Turkey ; 11 spucies of manifesto , or rather confession . It ' « co Kniacs the Czars of Russia as having maiu-¦ lll »< : d the immunities and privileges of the orthotl ° * « GrccIc clmr

      P'u tieipation i" the u ^ vuntagus conceded "U other Christian religions by . convention , " ¦ particular agreement . Thus the Note calls » pon ^ Turkey to concede what Russia had required , ^ "l Uirkey had refused ; to concede it to the '" iperor , who is recognised as the maintainer of t « rtni n privileges within Turkey ; and to give to ^ persons under that special patronage everyu » g that the Sultan may be obliged to grant to r C 1 » i 8 tian communities . Now , in Turkey ,

      a 3 we are told by Mr . Layard , there is rising a Protestant sect , of whom the orthodox Greeks have a great jealousy ; and by this device the orthodox Greeks would be able to gather tothemselves all advantages conceded to any Christians whatever , even foreign Christians under special circumstances . Such a stipulation is unjust ; but such a stipulation made to the clients of a foreign patron would be that abrogation of the independence of Turkey which the Sultan had , from the first , refused to yield ; and those Allies who undertook to arrange the matter without compromising his independence , now thrust upon him this paper to sign at the peril of his life ! The alterations required by Turkey so change the text as to strike out these objectionable passages , and to substitute other passages , which would secure to all the Christian subjects of Turkey , without distinction , everything that the Note requires , or that they can expect ; only omitting allusions to Russia , or special allusions to a particular sect as receiving new privileges . Nothing can be more consistent , dignified , or equitable , than the course df Turkey when she refuses her immediate assent to these unjust conditions . The latest intelligence on the subject is not very certain . One report is , that Turkey obstinately refuses , and is well prepared for hostilities . There is a report , curiously harmonising with this , that the Russian Government desires for peace , having found less of a popular reception in the Turkish dominions than it calculated upon , and having an army seriously weakened by extensive ravages of cholera and other diseases . This wish is said to have been father to the message sent by the Emperor to the Consul-Gcneral in Bucharest , that peace was virtually concluded . On the other hund , it is said that Austria has sent a special message to the Sultan , urging him to yield . It can easily be understood that of all the Powers engaged in the negotiations , Austria is the one that has the greatest dread of war , the deepest anxiety for peace . The Sultan is said to have replied with thanks for the friendly solicitude of his ally , and with an intimation that he Would comply . But this report is the one that most requires confirmation . There is one point which , throughout these negotiations , Turkey has not yet yielded , and we are slow to believe that she baa followed the painful example of an English representative in Vienna , in yielding that which it was dishonourable for us to surrender . j There is comparatively little going forward on <

      the Continent which can be spoken of m the same breath with so large a question . The discovery , apparently through treachery , of a conspiracy at Rome , leads to continued arrests ; they involve persons in all classes ; but the true importance of the affair is probably yet to come forth . While Rome is exercising her temporal tyranny amongst the Seven Hills , the English Government boasts of a vast concession over Romish influence in Madrid . For fifty years , the English residents in the Spanish capital have been endeavouring to obtain the right of burial in a Protestant Cemetery , and that right is at last conceded on-condition that there shall be no church or chapel : no appearance of worship ; no publicity in the conveyance of the body . A man , we suppose , before this concession , might have buried his dog in his own garden ; and if he had kept it secret j it fe possible that he might have incurred no penalty for introducing some stray English clergyman to consecrate that garden , whether for the burial of dogs or Englishmen . The right which might be exercised by favour of secrecy is now permitted by the Spanish Government on somewhat similar conditions—an humiliating bareness and secrecy still being required . Lord Howden rebukes the grudging nature of the concession with spirit ; but it is not stated that Queen Victoria ' s Government has followed up the remonstrances of Lord Howden with any measure for bringing the Spanish Government to reason . Spain appears to be a country in which with all our strength , we permit ourselves to be kicked , for the edification of other foreign powers , such as Russia ! We had our ambassador turned out , we have our dead bodies turned in , in a fashion equally disgraceful ; and now , having betrayed our ally , Turkey , and accepted a right to bury our dead in degradation , Russia may consider us to be an mean and ns craven as she pleases . But the most startling piece of foreign news after that treachery at Constantinople ,, and that humiliation at Madrid , is the ravage of New Orleans by yellow fever , which is sending the unacclimatctl residents to the grave by thousands , if not by tens of thousands . The daily number of deaths is two hundred . The dead arc buried in trenches , by chain gangs of negroes , hired at a guinea an hour . In some places ploughs are employed to extemporize graves , and dead bodies are burned in despair . On such occasions the reckless always seek to counterbalance fear by dissipation ; but also it may be observed amusement has

  • Citation
    • Leader (1850-1860), Sept. 3, 1853, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_03091853/page/1/