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    214 The Leader cmd Saturday Analyst. [Ma...

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    HAtTOTEB, February 27,1860, TJffB ohjef ...

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    Foreign Coreesp'ondbxxce. (Special.) Pak...

    The document is of considerable length , and . » thoroughly characteristic of all French literature ; There is a clear and logical division of the subjects : each point is accurately stated , traced from general principles , and finally illustrated from past history . In fact , the line of aig-ament , and tlie method in which it is drawn / out , are equally deserving of admiration ; ho admirable , we fear , that all its candour and impartiality will fall powerless and unvalued in the quarter where it is directed . Though couched in all possible terms of respect , the subscribers to the address do not hesitate to speak with entire frankness * , and it is rather a remonstrance ^ than a consolatory exhortation , such as one would have expected —• " their devotion , " as they well say , " consisting- not in flattering , but in assisting . " It is rather a : fall for the Infallible Church to be assisted by with his Holiness ? with

    anybody , and the offer of help is probably , ^ other people , a sign of weakness . We shall have another illustra tion of the old proverb , that Heaven helps those who help themselves ; the feebleness of the papacy at the present time is a token that it is no longer a self-helper , and that Heaven has left it to itself . Hut to return to the address . It opens by stating generally that they wjsh to see the Tope place his Government on a footing consistent with a condition of things which the papafcpower cannot control : they do not require abdication—heaven forbid !—but they venture to suggest one of those actions rich in consequences , actions which save whilst they renew powers . 'They then set forth two principles which ought henceforth to be sacredly observed in the S-ovemuient of the States of the Church , The first is , that , masmuch as there is a fundamental difference . between .. the property of

    the Church—which mlist always be inviolable—and that society of men which various circumstances have placed under the government of the Holy See , therefore the Holy Father is bound to recognise the civil rights which Catholic doctrine has never ceased tp admit in the civil community , rights which are as justly claimed at Bologna as at Paris . It was by the exercise of these rights that the temporal power was first conferred : " The real founder of the temporal power of the Popes was the Roman people "; Pepist and , Charlemagne only gave that power the sanction of their swords . ' * «• Through all epochs , " they add , " the consent , expressed or not , of the national will sanctions the temporal power in its various developments , and-supports while it legitimises it . " The second principle is that of the Italian nationality , which is illustrated by divers historical events .

    There is thus a double basis of reconciliation between the Pope and the States , ( 1 ) , the assurance to the people that they shall enjoy the application of those principles which constitute at the present day thepolitic / vllifeof all nations ;( 2 ) i an organisation which allows this 2 > eople to remain in communion with the general life of the Italian nation . Unless this . reconciliation is effected , the subscribers see nothing but disasters for the religious world ; then follows the remarkable appeal : " Never , Most Holy Father , has a more solemn crisis come upon the Church or the world ; . Upon the resolutions that your Holiness shall adopt , will depend the pacification of Italy , nay , may be the religious d « stiny of the nineteenth century . " there is in of

    To turn from grave to gay ; a representation one the illustrated papers of Paris of Mr . Gladstone laying his budget before the English parliament . The right honourable gentleman is evidently drawn from imagination , and a very fervid imagination the draughtsman must have , for I doubt if Diskaeli himself would reepgniae his -chief opponent . " Ze Budget " is a most portentouslppking roll . The French people just now are loud jn-Jiheir admiration of Gladstone and his financial scheme . Fortunately for them , they have no income-tax to pay . There are distinct symptoms of a temporary Anglomania setting in in Paris . . The Parisian swell is astonished to find himself a clotbeshorse for coats and trousers of English cut , and even that strangle garment , the Inverness cape , has made its way across the

    channel . Tea is becoming a common beverage , which it certainly never has been hitherto . English vvbrds and phrases are getting more fashionable , and English books are being translated uito French with an enormous accession of vigour . I also observe , that my amiable , compatriot , the British ' * houledoguo , " is becoming prevalent ; which , I believe , is an unmiatukftblo sign of an increase of good feeling towards the liatipn to which-that-delightful animal belongs , and \ yhpsechn , rwotoristio 8 he is supposed so accurately to represent . Aotipn and ro-aotipnare always equal , sp no dpubt the present friendliness tpwards England—" that accursed , triumphant beast , " as MicHEiiET styled her—is . the natural corollary of the late bitter and , violent dislikes which . ' it supersedes for a time , and for a time only .

    . What would Mixx or JJcrpHXE say to a oase Hlce that which has just been tried at jLyon P In the early part of the month a person of the « aine of JJrvioiJiK was prosecuted befere the authorities for having jtaken the cpmmnnKm on'Christmas-day in a state of intpjeication , and having disturbed Divine worship . The defendant was convicted , and sentenced to twe menths * imprisonment . TJppn this , the . public minister , deeming" the . punishment utterly insufficient , appeajod io a Wgher . chamber , where the sentence has been changed fipm two to twmve months * ,

    214 The Leader Cmd Saturday Analyst. [Ma...

    214 The Leader cmd Saturday Analyst . [ March 3 , 1860 .

    Hattoteb, February 27,1860, Tjffb Ohjef ...

    HAtTOTEB , February 27 , 1860 , TJffB ohjef domestic tcjpio of the week has been tjhe proposed military reform , jri Prussia , lihe . liberals do not appear to bo quite decided whether the change is deserving 1 of their support or their oppositfoiK The qircuu ) flt » no 6 tlmt journals with supposed Kuesian , * , o ,, despotic tendencies , are in favour of the sohome , may bo the cause of this doubt and hositatipn . Besides tho pffioiwl journals ,

    the ministry enjoys for this reform the hearty concurrence of the itreuz-Zjeitung , . the-mortal .-foe of liberal progress . But this paper piques itself upon being the organ of military Prussia , and is , there * fore ; naturally prepared to countenance any measure haying- for its object the increase of the army , arid , the extension of the period of service . The de factoabolition of the Lavdwehr , or militia—the hitherto presumed bulwark of Prussia ' s civil liberty—and the adoption , in its stead , of a system somewhat resembling that existing just now in France , it is feared , will place the Sovereign , and his ministers beyond the influence of public opinion . The measure may be justified by the signs of the times ; but , even should Germany be spared from the evils of war , a long period of piire military rule must be the fate of this and most Continental

    nations . The question of the two or the . three years term of service will probably form the subject of a serious debate in the Prussian Chambers . The uiost important alterations in tli « military organisation of Prussia will be briefly as follows : —From the age of seventeen years , every Prussian subject , till his forty-ninth birthday , is bound to perform military duty . The armed force is composed of the arn . y proper , the marine ( sailors and coastguard ) , and the LanAsturm , or general call to arms . The army is divided into " active " . army , tctnd-wehr , and marine . The Landstwnn comprehends all men bound to serve , who do not already form part of 'the army or marine . The numerical strength , of the army and marine are regulated by the requirements of the state . The active army and marine are to be always underarms . The term of service is

    eight years , to date from each man ' s entry into the army , the entry to take place on the 1 st of January of that year in which he completes the . twentieth year of his age . During these eight years , the men are bound to serve—in the cavalry , the first four years ; in tlie infantry , the artillery , and the marines , the first three years ; in the " Train '' the first half-year . The remainder of the eight years' term of service , they go , on furlough , into the reserve , unless the requirements of the service demand their recall . During the furlough , the men will not be regularly recalled , but twice a . year ^—those of the caval ry but once—to the aunualniauo 3 uvr . es . The reserve and coast-guard are intended to second the active army and the niarine . The reserve is only to be called out in defence of the country within the borders ; at the same

    time the Government may employ , if need be , tins 'branch of the armed force beyond the frontiers . On the expiration of the eight years' term of service , the men enter the Landwehr , to which they belong till they have reached their thirty-ninth birthday , whereupon they , are entirely free of military duty . The distinctions hitherto known , qs the j LcmdiocJir of the Jlrst , and the Landwehr of the second call are abolished ; but the privilege accorded to . young meii of education , of serving : actively one year only , on passing an examination and . equipping and maintaining themselves , is retained ; and this one year is to be counted as three in the infantry , and four in the cavalry . Thereupon , according to their abilities and rank in life , they will be proposed as officers in the reserve , the XitindiveJir , and the marine .

    Hereby it seems that the present exclusive system , as regards officers of the line , is to be retained . The men of the army and the marine on furlough will remain during their furlough . under milittfivy control , but without being circumscribed in choosing -their place of abode , tliat is , within the Prussian territories . The regulations of-this new military law regarding the duration of the conscript service la the several branphes of the service , apply only to times Of peace ; in times of war the requirements of the sovereign will alone be consulted ; and all the corps of the army and the murine under anns will be filled up from the older or younger classes of conscripts in proportion to the reductions made during the peace : the Landsturm to bo called to arms only in the event of an . invasion .

    It is the general belief that , if this law bo carried out to the lector , the annu ^ r conscription of recruits will be sixty thoutmnd men , instead of forty thousand as hitherto , and cost at least sixteen millions of tbalers more per annurti . It has" been proposed in tlie Federal Diet by the Committee for the Affairs pf Wolsbein-Iiauenburg , to demand from Denmark the fulfilment of the promises given in 1851 an £ 1852 , viz ., to convoke a conference of delegates ; to reapoct the rights of the Duchies in all affairs of a special or general rtature , and not promulgate any general laws without the acquiescence of the Duoliios . , Thevoto upon this proposal is deferred till the 8 th Muroh . The agitation in the Duchies is waxing hotter , and motions for the accusation of Danish ministers , freedom of the press , the use of tho German language in . schools , <& c . are the order of the day . A new

    Danish Ministry has just been formed , after much difficulty . It comprises the following personages : Haw , President of the Council , and Minister , ad interim ^ tor Foreign Affuira ; Fjcngisii , Finance , ; Monea . ]> , Education , and Minister , ad interim , for Home Affairs ; Cassis , Minister of Justice j Tjuuestbuf , Minister for War ; Uiixb , Marine j Woutsiiaoen , Minister for Schleflwig ; KUah-I . OUB , Minister for Holstoin . Two ef these gentlemen , namely , JFlAt . it and WotifaHACWDW , are most unpopular in the Duchies , and their appointment will not tend to allay tho present'excitement according fcb all appearances . The attention of the , FedoraJ Governments has been attracted to tho largo exportation of horaea , and the tmnsmisttion pf arms from and tlirou ^ U Germany of late ; nnd . negotiations are on foot relative to n prohibition to bo published upon tho subject . The Federal Diet lias received and referred to committees tho proposals of the Wuvaturg Conference States rolwtivo to the introduction of a general systom of weights nnd measures , t \ nd

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), March 3, 1860, page 18, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_03031860/page/18/