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    THE MOVEMENT IN THE CHURCH: DIOCESAN SYN...

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    WHO WILL PRESERVE THE CRYSTAL PALACE? Th...

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    Continental Notes. The Decision Of The S...

    " '' The Commercial Congress at "Vienna has terminated , j itiiat at Berlin has » iatle Teiy httle proeress . The gfcSJ lieTstmnnarr e ^ laix ^ at ^ as really ir »* Jtiat Vienna for the purpose of uniting the commer-2 ° inters S Ge « nan | % e ^ ifferent representatives ««•«>& on the occasion of their last meeting , to sign a protoct * containing seven declarations , of which the folldw-^ The * Au 8 trJaii Governnient declares itself ready to con * dude with Prussia , the States ^ ow forming p _ art of tiie / ollverein and those which may enter it in 18 o 4 , a treaty nf commerce and atreaty of customs union , conformably to the plans mentioned . The governments on their side de-^ lo ^ tiiftTttselvcs ready to sign a treaty of commerce and a

    treafcv of commercial union between Prussia , the States now forririne part of the Zollvorein , arid thpsp which will enter it uil 8 &* > on the one part , and Austria and the States which shall be with her from this time to the 1 st of ^ January 1854 , on theother part ,--if these treaties can be concluded in conformity with the plans proposed , to secure th 0 adhesion of the other States of the ^ llverem ; and in the event of their riot accepting the aboye-mentioned plans without modification , to cause them to enter into treaties of commerceand of customs liniori , haying those plans for their basis , arid that the conclusion of these treaties shall coincide with tho renewal or transformation of the Zollverein . " . ^ „ .

    . __ . „ . . The most important members-of the Zonyereiri States , except Prussia ^ have given their assent reservedly to the Austnan programme . Brunswick politely declined binding itself , for the very good reason that its position on the map of Europe disqualifies it frorix making a free choice . Oldenburg likewise fell back upon Prussia . The resolutions of the Darmstadtt conference are even snore decidedly Austrian ; They are comprised in three documents . " These documents speak for themselves so plainly as to need but little comment . The first , " says the correspondent of the paily News , " is nothing more than what was contained in the Vienna protocolj arid merely

    pledges the parties to oppose and upset the programine which M . von Mariteuffel laiddown for the direction Of the Berlin conference . Thisi second , however , forms a new southern ZoUyefeiri , imder the protection of Bavaria , and is tantamount to the ejection of Prussia from the Zollverein , in case it shall attempt to resist : being dictated to by the abettors of Austria ' s projects . The third provides for the projected rieflar Bavarian Zollyereiri a port of refuge in Austria in case it shall be unable to weather the sea alone . " It is doubtful whether there is more of Austrian or of Bavarian intrigue in these resolutions . The result , however , it is hoped , will be to drivie Prussia ; with the Northern States into Free-trade . Hanover sides with

    Prussia .. ¦ ¦ ¦ . " ' ¦ ¦•'¦ ¦ ¦ V . :.: ' •; ¦'¦ ¦ ¦ i ; '• " ; . ¦ '¦ In Sardinia , Free-trade has made great strides , by the commercial treaty with France , recently adopted . The chief points in the treaty are , on the part of Sardinia , a re .. duction in the duty on . French wines , and the abolition of the duty on raw silks . On theotherhand , France reduces the duties on Sardinian oils , sugars , & c . Count Cavour , in supporting the treaty in the Chamber , entered into a detailed analysis of the principles of Free-trade , and made emphatic allusions to the example of England . " England , " said Count Cavour , " has sufficiently proved the advantages of a Free-trade policy . An honourable member has alluded to the reforms introduced by the late Sir Robert Peel . Those reforms may be regarded a » a revolution , the power of which astounds those who , like

    myself , have great faith in the precepts of science . Let us examine the effect of those reforms upon the workingclasses . I shall not speak here of the manufacturing classes ; their condition has been greatly ameliorated ; that was a fact foreseen , and which no one Jias ever attempted to question . I will speak only of the agr icultural labourers . Well , the last official returns prove thai their wages have not fallen off ; and as in consequence of the abolition of tho protective duties they caa procuro articles of food iu much larger quantities for tho same money , it results that they aro much better off than they wore formerly . Moreover , since 1846 , the year of economical reforms , the amount of tho poor-tax and the number of persons sup-Sorted by public charity , have annuall y considerably iminished , and this diminution is still continuing . "You , therefore , will perceive , ^ gentlemen , that oxpenenco has proved that tho theory © tFree-trade is a correct

    one when applied to tho produce of the soil , and this will « pnvinco thoso who oppose it under the pretended exclusive interests of the working-classes . " It is the intention or Sardinia to extend in favour of -England the reduction on raw silks , granted by tho present treat y in favour of Franco . Sardinia appears every way disposed to throw open her markets to foreign produce , n ? -i , * ° take- the lead in abolishing those monopolies which still exist in so many States of the European continent . A work that promises to bo interesting is now in the J ° 8 s > and will shortly make its appearance . Tho author 18 . 5 ™ p ff ° y » tho Hungarian ex-chief , and tho work is entitled " My Lifo and Acts in tho Years 1848 and 1849 . " J . J 10 Grand Dukos Nicholas and Michael loft Stutgardt on the 10 th , and passed through Ulm , on their way to Tho Prussian National Gazette announces that tho uorinamo Diet insists on tho stnto of siege being raised in ¦ doctoral Hosso . "

    Iho Austrian Government hoa compollod the Bank of * « snna to restrict its paper circulation : and the Bank has consequentl y refused . to discount tho bills of many important firm * : a proceeding which has occasioned apprewnsione oi a dearth of money and a decline in tho Bharoi ^ arkot and in other species of stock . «« . . roaty betweon Bavaria and Austria , for tho froo Power ° ° Dttnubo » htM boen r « tifie <* bv bofch rA £ ? re ? m Tur in of tho 24 th ult . mention the death inur , » j , } if ^ owdent of th © Chamber of Deputies , a *««!> ° ^ , i nodorato constitutional opinions , and very much

    The Pope has given the Powers to understand that his ultimatum for arranging with Piedmont consists of these three conditions :-r ^ lj To recall Consignor Franzonv Archbishop of Turin ; 2 , To g ive up the Civil Marriage Bill ; and 3 , To pass a repressive law against the abuses of the press in religious matters . In compensation , the Pope will consent to the abolition of the ecclesiastical jurisdiction which the Piedmoritese Chambers have already voted . The Ministry and the Chambers have decided upon rejecting this ultimatum . ¦ The Costitustionale of Florence was seized on the 20 th , for having inserted an article in defence of the laws which guarantee the privileges of the Jews in Tuscany . They are not . only threatened with deprivation of the franchises conferred upon them by the constitution , but even of those which they enjoyed before 1848 .

    The Messagbrc of Modena gives an account of the grand tournament which was celebrated at Modena on the 2 Qth in honour of the Grand Duke Constantine . . The ground was Uluniinated o > giorno , and adorned with Russian > Austrian , and Modenese flags . When _ the Grand Duke made his appearance , he was saluted with the performance of the Russian national hymn by a body of sixteen horsemen , conducted into the arena by the Duke of Modena in person . They were attired in the costume of the 16 th century , and pe rformed evolutions in parties of four , with pikes , javelins , and sabres . Rome is expecting the arrival of the Eussian princes on the 6 th of May . The Pope , we are told , " intends warmly welcoming the imperial guests . " It will be remembered that in 1845 the Emperor himself was at Rome , and met with a severe rebuke from Gregory for the persecution of some Polish nuns . The present Pope is more Russian , arid " less nice . "

    The King of Naples is beginning to be afraid of Napoleonic developments . The authorities throughout his kingdom have received orders to ascertain whether the rianie of Murat excites any syrirpathy , and -Whether a French party exists . It is also said that the Kingiritends increasing the Swiss regiments and diminishing the national ones . The formation of 13 new Swiss battalions is contemplated .

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    The Movement In The Church: Diocesan Syn...

    THE MOVEMENT IN THE CHURCH : DIOCESAN SYNODS , Fob the first time since the agitation for the revival of diocesan synods began , the supporters of an emancipated church have met with opposition . We have before us a long report of the meeting which > pursuant to the resolution passed at the last London meeting , was held at Gloucester on * Wednesday . The clergy and laity mustered in tolerable strength in point of numbers and local weight . A desultory opposition , called together by placards , issued , it was said , under

    the inspiration of . the Earl of Ducie , assembled in the rooms with the view of thwarting what they termed a covert attempt to propagate Popery . But their tactics wanted alike consistency and firmness . They were headed by a nephew of the Bishop of Exeter , Mr . Phillpotts , of Gloucester , who , however , either from want of decision , or want of a preconcerted plan , or both , did nothing but deliver a short irresolute speech . The Rev . Mr . Collins , of Ripon , presided , not , as it seems to us , in the most efficient way . . When the first resolution was about to be put , Mr . Phillpotts objected ,

    and said , if they chose to deliver what one of the speakers had called a course of lectures on diocesan synods , they would quietly listen ; but if resolutions were put , they would be opposed . The chairman said that was a satisfactory proposition , and did not put the resolution . But when the second resolution was about to bo moved , and some opposition was manifested , Mr . Phillpotts counselled silence , as tho room had been paid for by tho party in favour of synods . And as Mr . Phillpotts flinched , so the chairman broke his promise , and put the second resolution , which was almost

    unanimously carried . This broke tho opposition , such as it was ; and tho third resolution was similarly carried , the dissentients retreating . Theso vacillating proceedings destroyed tho effoct of tho meeting , which was adjourned to tho 21 st of October , thon to meet at Manchester . Tho resolutions submitted wore similar to thoso which wo have before printed , and tho character of the speeches tho samo , only weaker in substanco as thoso delivered

    at Derby and in London . Essentially a democratic movement , its principle was perhaps never better oxpressed than in tho words of tho Rev . Mr . Scott , who affirmed that tho tendency of this ago wns to have representative institutions ; and that it was tho order of God ' s providonce that tho mind of tho church should be developed , so as to make it conform to tho spirit " of the ago . This is a strong expression of a principle , which the church must carry out ; but it leadp it towards etrango and unlooked-for issuos .

    RELIGIOUS TESTS IN SCOTLAND . . Mb . Monobikit inovod tho second reading of tho Universities of Scotland bill on Wednesday , This is a bill for abolishing certain religious tests applied , or which ought to be applied , to professors on their appointment to office In many cases they aro nob enforced ; but any intolerant person , or any ono who has a piquo against a newly elected professor , may incite tho

    authorities to enforce the tests ; and thus they are , if enforced , a means of persecution ; if they remain in abeyance , useless and vexatious . They were originally intended to exclude Episcopalians , and they form an important portion of the Treaty of Union arid the Act of Security , but now operate to exclude Presbyterians ; and it is argued that their abolition would remove a vexatious grievance without- infringing the spirit of the great acts above mentioned .

    The line of argument taken up by the opponents of the measure , among whom were Mr . Scott , Mr . Walpole , Sir R . Inglis , and Sir George Clerk , was , that the Treaty of Union and Act of Security would be violated ; that the tests excluded infidels ; that the Scotch church had a vested right in . the education of the people , to maintain which , Sir Robert Inglis said , he would sacrifice not only one Sir David Brewster , but five hundred Sir David Brewsters if that were possible ; and that if these tests were removed , it would be the first step towards education without religion .

    The supporters of the bill were , Mr . Moncnef , Mr . Bethell , Mr . Ewart , Mr . Hume , Mr . Anstey , Lord John Russell , and Mr . Oswald . It was admitted that the students were not obliged to subscribe to any articles of faith , or swallow any tests ; and Lord John Russell thought a law which demanded a confession of faith from professors and ignored students , was anomalous and absurd . "He could not see why a . person might not be allowed to teach Greek or Hebrew in the Scotch universities , without subscribing the Confession of Faith , " an argument for secular education which will * not be forgotten .

    In spite of the support of the late prime minister , the motion for the second reading was lost , on a division , by 172 to 157—a narrow majority of 15 .

    Who Will Preserve The Crystal Palace? Th...

    WHO WILL PRESERVE THE CRYSTAL PALACE ? The strong feeling in favour of preserving the Crystal Palace found adequate expression at Exeter Hall , on Tuesday . The interest felt by the public has been gradually increasing since the building passed into the hands of the contractors , and it became manifest that Ministers were not simply neutral , but hostile to its preservation . The order to close it issued by the generous scion of the House of Rutland , who would prodigally barter " laws and . learning , arts and commerce" for " our old nobility , " and the report of the Commission , headed by Lord Seymour , who , with characteristic meanness , garbled the evidence of Sir Joseph Paxton , aroused great indignation ; and men have come forward , noblemen belonging to houses as old as that of Manners , to " make an effort" to prevent what Lord Carlisle calls " as perverse and senseless an act of Vandalism as could be perpetrated , "

    Lord Shaftesbury presided over the meeting ; the Duchess of Sutherland was present ; the Duko of Argyll , Mr . Joseph Hume , the Earl of Harrowby , Mr . Waldey , Dr . Cumming , Mr . L . Hey worth , Mr . Pullen , Colonel Sykcs , and Sir Joseph Paxton were speakers . The meeting whs more than usually enthusiastic—reacting upon tho speakers , and raising them from aristocratic calmness to high excitement . Another characteristic of the meeting was that tho speeches were compressed into very brief limits , and an earnest business-like tone pervaded them . The exceptions were Mr . Humo and Sir Joseph Paxton , who have a tendency to bo garrulous . Lord Shaftesbury opened tho proceedings by reading thofollowing letter from aworkingmun at Dorchester : —

    " I sco your name in tho Times of this morning , announced as chairman of a mooting to bo hold to-morrow at Exotor Hall , tho object of which is tho retention of tho Crystal Palace , and that it should bo used as a placo of instruction and arnuHomont for tho people . Tins is a step in tho right direction ( ohoors ) , and I presume , to address you in conaoquonco , offering you assistance from a working man . "

    This " working man" enclosed n cheque for 201 . Lord Shaftcabury wished every working man had not only tho will but tho moans to contribute as largely . Their business was to do all they could to porpctuato tho benefits urising from tho Crystal I'aluco . Onco ho had had misgivings as to tho purpoacs to which it might ho turned , but ninco tho Hub-committoo had published its report thoso misgivings had been removed . Tho titib-coninuttoo state—

    " It is proposed that tho building bo vested by Act ot Parliament in trustees , who shall hayo powers of Icasjing it under cortain conditions Hpocifiod in tho net . It in also proposed that tho trustees shall bo so sclented us to give tho country at largo ttho highest ; guarantee that station can afford lhafc tho building fihall bo-appropriated to no purposes unworthy of tho beautiful aito upon which it has boon erected , or of tho associations of tho Great Exhibition . " Next ho demolished tho objections Against the maintenance of tho building ; tho first , that if retained it must bo at tho public expense ; tho second , that tho non-removal would amount to a breach of faith . Tho

• Citation
  • Leader (1850-1860), May 1, 1852, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/l/issues/cld_01051852/page/7/