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    NOTICES OF BOOKS ; 347

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    Transactions Of The National Association...

    Punishment mid Reformation * The _subdivisions of this department are—I . 66 Incentives to

    ,, and Preventives of Crime ; " II ., " Criminal Law and Procedure ;" III . " Treatment of Adult Offenders ; " and IV . " Treatment

    , , of Young Offenders . " In a . paper under tlie third division , by T . B . ] L . Baker , of Gloucester , entitled " How to "War "with

    Crime , " it is recommended to apply the means , viz . reformatory discilinewhich has produced the diminution of juvenile crime ,

    to adult p crim , inals . Our aim ought to be to reduce as far as possible temptation to tlie uncorrupted , to give exactly such amount and kind

    of punishment to criminals as shall be best adapted to promote tlieir cureand to take care on their return to society to guard them

    , from a relapse into crime . But by a system of short imprisonments , exercising little or no deterring influence , hardened offenders are

    allowed to contaminate their associates , to go forth unreformed , and more exposed than ever to relapse into crime ; " warmedand

    ventifrom lated all till temp they tation cannot , by breathe way of the preparing outer air them , and for absolutel a state y to removed which

    tlie severest are incident . " The Irish convict system , based on the reformatory principle , alone seems to meet the requirements of the

    case : —solitary confinement , the strict hard labor of Spike Island , and the free labor of the intermediate jxrison , ending in license to

    work in freedom , but under surveillance . The same system has partly been adopted in the English convict establishment for males , where

    Pentonville forms the first stage , and Portland , Dartmoor , etc ., the second . Unfortunately the third and fourth , the intermediate prison

    and the license , are wanting , and the transition from the strict confinement of Portland to that peculiar state of independence which

    is caused by having nothing to depend upon , is too abrupt . But the female convicts have the same advantage as the Irish , and the

    result has been proportionably successful . Mr . Baker urges the necessity of dealing _, with crime systematically and as a whole ,

    throwing away the barbarous remains of our old system , and adopting " , that which lias the force of reason and the test of experience to

    prove its efficacy . We can only notice another paper under the fourth head , " On

    the . Educational and Economical Advantages of Large and Small Reformatories , " by the liev . W . Eraser , of Paisley . Mr . Eraser

    defines the reformatory work to be the converting of the elements of social waste and disorder into sources of national

    productiveness reformatories and power on . the lie grounds puts of the the superior necessity advantages for an accomp of lished large

    teacherfor the stimulus of numbers in learning and discipline , and for the , facilities they afford for manual and mechanical training . h and

    That the reformation of the young offender may be thoroug him permanen thoro ug hly education and permanentl and training y able to must overcome be such the as orig to inal render

    disadvantages of his position , and take a ami footing' among his fellow-

    Notices Of Books ; 347

    NOTICES OF BOOKS ; 347

• Citation
  • English Woman’s Journal (1858-1864), July 1, 1860, page 347, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ewj/issues/ewj_01071860/page/59/