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Rational £aift Company
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TO THE WORKING CLASSES^ ,
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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My dear Fribnds , I It was my intention to have addressed you IHhiFV ? " * 11111 ' reaUy » *«** of busmew , and all on your account , added to the writing of a ^ treatwe on the Land Plan , which occupies , fte whole of this montVa num ! Y S ^ 2 l Labourer " haa »*** » impoBdble to address you at alL I have only to > say ; in reply to out Somew Town friends , that if ? - ¦*? no satisfied with the addition of the Land Purchase Department when they read ny i llustration of it in the « Labourer , ' that I will publish their observations and my reply . Yours faithfully , Feabgus O'Connor .
Cfcarttsft Inttfligence*
Cfcarttsft inttfligence *
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TO THE MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . Beztbbkk , —The following are the name * of the I persons whoa yoa have nominated as fit and proper candidate * for the office of the Executive Committee aunnt the earning twelve months , and whose names appeared in the «< w ? of March 2 ? th , viz ., Mess * « £ ?!!!* £ & " 'En " * . ) Jones ( of Liverpool ) . M-Dooall , West . D-novan , Tattewal , Lloyd , Row , So * SWe 6 t * MiGr ** » Wheeler « ClMk * The General Coqneillon of the several localities are . therefore , requested to forthwith proceed , and make the ntcessary arrangement for the taking of yoarand their votes , and transmit them to the aSee . 83 , DeuMtrcct , Sob © , London , on or befen Tee « dav the ISthinstaaU-Byorieroffe , Ex ^ w 7 l Caisrorask Domfateewtaty . METROPOLIT ^ L T ? T ,.. . ;• W-rll sriootixAK ~ ^ jjjjjillii gates met at 83 , Dean-street , on Wednesday evening . Delegttes were present from each locality , with the exception of Lambeth , Camberwell , and Ifarylebone . Mr Casghlan was appointed to the chair . Several of the delegates expressed themselves as to the course that should be taken to arouse the friends of freedom from the inertness which has for some time back characterised them . Mr M'Grath moved , and Mr Tapp seconded the Mow . ing resolution : "That the committee pledges itself to use its utmost power to aid and assist Mr Duncombe , in his endeavours to effect the repeal of the latepaying clauses in the Reform BilL" Carried unanimously . The delegates having given thdt
opinions on the question of ways and means , Mr Knowles moved , and Mr Stretton seconded , " That this committee get up a benefit at one of the London Theatres , the proceeds to be appropriated to the carrying out the objects of the committee . " Car . ried unanimousl y . Moved by Mr M'Gratb , and seconded by Mr Mfln , " That each delegate appeal to Ml locality for pecuniary aid , by loan or otherwise , with which to commence the agitation . " Carried . Moved b y Mr Miln , and secouded by Mr Ford , "That Messrs Stratton and Knowles be a deputation to make inquiry as to the prices of the Theatres , and to report thereon to the committee at Us next meeting . " After transacting some other business , the committee adjourned till Wednesday evening next , at eight o ' clock .
The Vetkbans ' , Orphans ' , and Victims * Comimw .-The committee met on Tuesday evening last , Mr Simpson in the chair . Letters were read from Mr Richards , announcing his liberation from his eaitbly helL £ 1 each was voted to Messrs Booker and Duffy-and 10 s . each to Messrs Richards and Smart . The committee then adjourned to Tuesday evening , April 13 th . Tower Huam . —The local committee met on Tuesday last , at the Globe and Friends , Commercial Road , when the following resolution was passed : — That all person fcrlnj ia the il ^ natorei thiy have for Meun Thomas and Hejworth , oa Tuetdaj evening , April lttb , at eight o'clock .
PROVINCIAL . AiVA . —Apublic meeting was held in the Hall on Wednesday morning , the 24 th tilt , anent the pro . damation of her Majesty , Alexander Drysdale in the chair . The following resolutions were unanimously adopted : —<• That , in the opinion of this meeting , it is the bad laws , institutions , and arrangements ef society , that are the causes of the present distress . " — " That , in the opinion ofthismeeting . ierMajesty ' s councillors are entirely ignorant of the causes of the present distress , as it is manifest from the nature of the remedy they propose ; and that we therefore aemorialize her Majesty to dismiss her present adrisers , and draw around her practical men , more suited to the wants of the age . "
Bttsrojr . —At the usual weekly meeting held at the house of Joseph Linney . oa Sunday evening last , the case of Daddy Richards was again brought before the member * and sv subscription entered into , when lls . 5 d . was collected . Mr Linney acknowledge tha following sums : —Rochdale , Joseph Fershaw . Is . ; Edward Mitchell . 6 d ; George Marsden . 3 d . ; Henry Smith , 3 d . All communications and aub-• criptiom for Daddy Richards to be addressed to Joseph Linaey , High-street , Bilston . BiHMijroHiii . —At the meeting , at the Ship Ina , on Sunday evening . Mr Stephensoo in the chair , the case of old Mr Richards was discussed , when it was unanimously resolved to rote ten shillings to til * Victim Committee .
. Bmbhwk . —At a special general meetir . g , held in the larce room of the Artichoke Inn , on Wednesday the 24 th ult , Mr T . M . Capell in the chair , JUrPaga , after reading the address ofthe " Lovett xestimoaial Committee , " proposed a resolution to the eftect , thattbe Chartists were bound to liquidate the fnnd doe to Mr O'Connor ( on account of the Defence Fund ) before taking np any other pecuniary proportion . Five shillings were collected for Mr Richards , and a feeling was generally expressed of regret tbat proper exertion had not been made in many localities on behalf of the Victims generally . DiaBT . — The following hare been nominated for the Executive : —Mr O'Connor , Mr Doyle , Mr imath . MrT . M . Wkeeler . MrClark . '
Edisbdb 6 h —The qoarterlr general meeting of the nembera of the National Charter Aasociation was held here on Monday evening , the 22 nd ult ., in the Painters'HalU Camber ' s Close , eigh-street . A good number of members attended . The minutes having teen read and approved of . and the election of office-Marers proceeded with , it was unanimously agreed ttat discussions on the leading questions of the day be got up ; and tbat the first take place on the evenine of Monday , thefth instant , at half-past eight o clock in the eveninp . in the above hall . The
sub-2 ?* j » "The Currency . " The debate will be opened by Mr James Mor ton .-f . With all deference to our Edinburgh friends , we put it to them whether we danmahfo sentence passed upon the Bnrghead fchemen is not we of" the leading questions of the nS r 8 B ? . wheth « the means to save these poor ££ J ? " ! *• hmon of t « n » portation isnot of more immediate consequence , and more worthy of consideration than the Currency question ! -ED . N . S . I aoawicH . —At a social meeting held oh the 21 th tut ., Air Attow in the chair , the followiag resolanoa * were traacimonaly agreed to : —
That thii meeting U of opinion , that the donates that we preteat mltery and dUtrett filling upon the people of Ireland U to beat tribated to an aU-bonnteotu Providence U oUsphemous , bjpocritical , and insulting to God and man ; bat thu meeting believes that it U attribatAle to mugoTemment and agnupug , grarictau , monied and landed ariitocraey . " » This meeting it also of opinion that the only remedy fa , to put the Iriib people upon tb » land and tbtu usUt then in producing for tbeostlves ; and in making the principles of the People ' * Charter tfat Uw of the Land . "
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FORTHCOMING MEETINGS
jJS " ° « M .-Mr E . Jones will deliver a £ S 2 »?« *? % tnres * 83 , DeaiMtreet . Soho . comrS £ ?* H fP * P fil llth « Md «»• « uSR «? * T » fol' « "ring Sundays . Subjects-SSSEffefe SS ^ t ! ^ asKJSSa * .- * Bnkr OT 0 l - " ~ A o pnbl c *** & * wiU be holdea in the Eh 7 w " opf- Broadmead , on Easter Tuesday next 5 Ki ° ? ^^ niB 8 o > dock - R - Norrii & * ju be pat in nomination . The Rev . T . SpeS aSftiff * ** . « !• niember * . and MessnTcS Dojle invited ! ^ eMB ""*
* J Ire tefc ^ Z * f ^« Teetotal Chartists wfllbe Sew ?" * ' \\ ' clock , in the large room , in u > tfc *? ' - ^ B * " *" "M lectureat 6 oVlock Sft . After the lecture , parties will be ChaSh r- ^ eChartutswiUmeetatthe Ship Inn . CoyS * ' Sand » y CTeninS « AP ^ the * th « at ^ tK ^ -T 1116 We 8 t KtnS legate meeting tt « Bi tJ L m on Sunda ' - April U * in the association ^ . to commence at 12 o ' clock . SsS ^ iflasaaBAS ; te ^ ararssfcs
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1 OpHAU . —Easter Democratic Festival , on Monday April 5 th . —A crand Tea Party and Ball will take place in the Working Man ' a Hall , Horsedge-strftet . Tea on tha table at half-past 4 o'clock precisely . After tea a public meeting will take plaee , when the following friends of the people ( who have been invited and ase expected to attrad , ) will address the audience , viz ., Feargus O'Connor , Esq ., Ernest Jones , Esq ., and William Fronting Roberts , Esq ., and others . I Rhbpatiso Cur . su . —A Public Meetine will be held at Harrison ' s Assembly-rooms . 0 . East-lane , Wataortb , on Thursday eveninsr . April the 8 tb , for the purpose of adopting a petition , praying the abo-Hvion of these clauses . John Sewell . Esq . w ill be
] proposed to the chair ; Messrs P . M'Grath , Ernest Jones , and T . M . Wheeler will attend and address the meeting . The chair — -ill be taken at 6 precisely . Rigistratkw . —An Harm on i c meeting will take place at the Princess Reyal , Circus-street . New-road , nn Easter Monday evening , in aid of funds for the above purpwe . Chair to be taken at 8 o ' c ! oek . I Rochdal * . — Mr iD . Donovan will lecture in the Chartist room , Mill-street , on Sunday evening , at six I o ' clock . Subject : "The Government measures for I Ireland , and the Irish , landlord * . " A Tea Party and Ball will take pbeeinthe SocWUi Instfttrtloa , YotkfiTf ^^ i P ^ I ^> . T ^ kL . i ft || i | i iitt it ni < WSmK ^ WBmvSjftFi ^ W ^ rmSPSmem m audience . Mexsrs FvO'Connor , P . M'Gratb ,: < Sarki Doyle , and T . M . Wheeler , have been nominated for tbe Executive . ' SiiroRD . —A meeting of members will be ' held in ' their room . Bank-street , Great Georee-street .
hi Sunday next , at two o ' clock in tbe afternoon . Shorkditch . —Mr Lyltyle will' lecture to-morrow ? venii « . 9 t 8 o ' clock . atthe Railway-eneine Coffeehotwe , 122 . Brick-lane . Mr T . M . Wheeler will also lecture at tbe above place , on Wednesday . next , at 8 o ' clock . Sibject , "The Effects of a Landed Aristocracy . " K owrs Tows . —The members of this locality are rrque « ted to attend on Sunday evening next , at the Bricklayers' Anns . Tonbridge-street . New-road . SrmiFtiLDs . —A concert will take plaee at tbe WeaTers' Arms , Pelham-atreet , Brick-lane , on Easter Wednesday , in aid of tbe funds of tbe Eastern Philanthropic Emergency Society , commencing at eight o ' clock The sons of Freedom Benefit Society , will meet on Ea * ter Monday evening , at the above house at eieht o ' clock . The Silk Weavers'branch of tbe United Trades' Association , meet every Saturday evening , atthe White Horse . Haro-street , Brick-Iane ; this evening for reading and discussion ; and on next Saturday for the business ot the society . Chair taken at 9 o ' clock . • <•
Tbk Committee appointed to get up the Tea Party , at the White Conduit Tavern . ien she late Fast D » t , will meet to wind up their accounts , on Wednesday eveting Mtfc , at . the office } 83 , Deanstreet . Soho . at eight o ' clock orecisely . * ¦ . Toweb Hamlets . —Mr C : Harrison will deliver three public lectures at tbe GloVe and Friends , Mo-ean-street , Commercial-road ; The first on Easter Sunday . April tth , subject . " The moral and political evils of the State Church ; " —on Sunday , April 11 , "The Land ;" -and on Sunday . April l ' 8 , " The six points of the People ' s Charter . " Chair to be taken at 7 o ' clock each evening . l i ¦
Rational £Aift Company
Rational £ aift Company
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METROPOLITAN . Pockhiad . —The men of Dockhead and Beraond ley held a meeting on Tuesday evening last , at the Dockhead Hall . Mr William Hewitt was unanimocsly called to the chair , and said that it was the land that famished government with the power it wielded Cobbett had said , and Feargus O'Connor had fre . qnently reiterated it , that land was the most important subject that could be considered . The other subject for their consid-ration was the " Chatter ;" the vote was also a decided Land question , as great landholders always took care not to let their land to any one whose vote they could not command ( Cheers . ) Mr Stratton then rose , and moved the following resolution : —
That it it the opinion or this meeting tbat the plan a * propounded by the director * of U \ 6 National Land Com . pany . Isnot only deserrUg of the approbation , hot alio the iapport of all penoni who are friends of the working dawei , and this meeting pledges iUelf to do all in its power to farther tbe objects of the company . He said the Land Company presented to the wondering eyes of the people another miracle , for in less than two yean it had obtained fifteen thousand members , and a capital of nearly £ 30 , 000 . ( Loud cheers . ) He knew a man who ha-l been fortunate enough to obtain , by tbe ballot , an early location . He had previously worked so hard at his occupation that it had affected bis eye sight , and yet with thu incessant application to labour , he could scaree
obtain aa existence ; but he bad , by pinching his belly , managed to pay up bis shares in the Land Company , and so highly did he value his prize share , that he wonld not take £ 500 for it . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr Thohpb , in seconding the motion , cited Mr O'Connor ' s tables , showing how the allottees , from the _ allotments as specified by tbe company , could derive more in value than could be obtained in the competitive market at too present day for thirty shillings weekly , and yet , at the year ' s end , have a surplus of some £ 30 . Mr P . M'Geuth , on rising to support tbe motion , was most warmly greeted , and said he knew the adage " the day sanctified the deed . " Ho thought he might paraphrase it , and say the cause sanctified
the place ; for certain it was a more righteous cause could not be advocated in any place , and he most heartily wished tbat a \\ places were used for such hdy purposes as that for which this building ( Dock , bead chapel ) was now appropriated . ( Much applause . ) He held it to be the duty of all philanthropists , patriots , moralists and religioniBts , to unite and break down the | Land monopoly . He knew that prejudice had invested certain individuals with a sort of prescriptive right to have and hold certain portions ofour earth as their own ; buthe ( Mr M'Grath ) entirely dissented from the doctrine , that any man lad a right to monopolise the land , and he did not believe that any man had any right to take and mo . nopolise the soil , other than such rights as robbery
, murder , plunder and spoliation could confer . ( Great applause . ) The land was t he great source of every blessing possessed - food , clothing , buildings , everything was derived from it —( Cheers ) - yet it waa monopolised . Was it not a scandal and s shame that a Duke of Sutherland shoutd retain eleven hundred thousand acres , whilst the men from whose labours he wrung his princely revenue had not so much to call their own as would make a grave in which to deposit their remains at their decease ! ( Great applause . ) It had often been a matter of surprise to him how it was that the peop le had so long submitted to cuoh gross Iniquitieshear , hear > -bot it was very pleasing now to find that the people were becoming alive to first
jnncjpies . lurafl cheers . ) The National Land Comoanydidnot wish to carry their object by brute forcefc no , that was left to Louis Philippe in Algeria , and tethethree devil kings , of Russia , to perform in Poland—( much applaose ) — whilst they met in chapels to consult upon the best means of buying back the Land , which bad been so unjustly taken from them . He knew not why the Land should be kept to feed and fatten wild fowls and useless animals whilst the people starved . He had now the pleasing infermation to convey to them , that the Nation , Dublin newspaper , had thrown open its columns to them , and its editors tendered the use of their talented pen * , and hence he believed the National Land Companv would soon become as formidable in Ireland as it had already become in England . ( Cheering . ) Mr Stretton had intimated to them the numberlofmembersintheLaud Company , also the amount of funds accumulated and he had
no hesitation in saying , that the number of shareholders would soon be quintripled , and that their fund would shortly exceed £ 100 , 600 . Mr M'Grath most lucidly descanted on the great good the Land Company had already effected , and concluded a most eloquent speech amid the loudest ap . plaugp . The resolution was then pnt and carried unanimously . Mr Stailwood read and moved , amid much ap-Jlanse , the National Petition , which was seconded by Mr Jkffeixs * u £ EbhX 9 t Jojies to ? 6 ' and said he did not think there were many iu that meeting who could sing with cheerful honest hearts "Rule Britannia , '' as he believed they felt that they were slaves , and for his part he much preferred open slavery to covert davery , like that of England . ( Hear , hear . ) What M . o 4 £ t . i ,. tbey could <* " their own ? Mr M Grath had shewn them they had not the laud . True , tbe Poet had said : —
Breathe * there the man with sohI so dead , Who neve ? to himself hath said , This ia my own , my native land ! But he ( Mr Jones ) denied that they could say "my own "—they might Bay " my native" land . ( Hear , hear . ) They bad nothing they could call their own . They were not free ; but , fortunately , the spirit of Chartism had again reanimated them , and frightened their sapient legislators out of a Ten Hours' Bill . But this was of small use , unless accompanied by other measures . It was said that the people were
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not fit to exercise the franchise , that they were too ] bloodthirsty ; but he would ask , was it the people who murdered the poor , flying , drowning Sikhs ? ( Loud cheers . ) No ; they denounced war and bloodshed , whilst tbe Archbishop of Canterbury returned ' thanks to Almighty God for the murders that had been committed , and tbe blood that had been shed . ( Great applause . ) The principles enumerated in the petition are only such as were ot ancient usage ; and ? " ! , ?• Pollock , as well as several of the judges , in 1842 , admitted the legality of Chartism . For his part , he wonld much like to know why one roan should have the vote , and another not . Chartism demanded the vote for men , not money . ( Cheers . ) Jt was futile to suppose that labour ever could be represented until such time as every man possessed
the right of voting for those who make the laws . I [ Hear , hear . ) Mr M'Gratb had mentioned theDukb of Sutherland . Well , it was somewhat curious that , wnitat the papers , on the one hand , told o * the poor oottera on his estates starving ; on the other band , they announced that after Easter some splendid parties would be given by his Graoe at Stafford House . ( Hear , hear . ) The Press also famished us with another pleasing piece of information , namely , tbat her Majesty was in a very interesting situation , and that tbe happy event would take place in August n « Jfc : i ( Load laughter . ) Ha was happy to find this * interesting" piece of news gave them so much pleasure , bat he was quite sure they would be much
l i i bettor pleased if they could find that the Learned Dr Chancellor Albert had resolved to support his own wife and family . ( Loud cheers . ) However , it would be in vain to look for justice , ; virtue , er happiness , before tbe advent of Chartism . ( Much applause . ) The resolution was then put and carried unanimously . Several shares of the Land Company were taken up . It was also announced , that the hall was opened every Thursday evening , for the discussion of questions connected with the movement . A vote of thanks was carried by acclamation to the chairman , and the meeting was dissolved .
PROVINCIAL . Banbury . —At a meeting of the shareholders the books were audited and found correct , and a levy of threepence laid on . BiBMMqiiAU . —On Sunday the members were i highly delighted with a report given by Mr Fussell of his tour to the Redmarley estate , on Wednesday , ; March 24 th , which he described as one of the most ; beautiful places he ever saw . After entering into > minutedetaUs , he urged upon the members the necessity of supporting their own Bank , as upon that depended their more speedy location upon the land . BBCKmeH 4 M 8 HiBB . ~ A few patriots residingiu the town of High Wycombe , being desirous of extending the knowledge of the Land and the Charter into the
benighted county of Bucks , set to work , and by a requisition to the Mayor , obtained the use of the town ball , in which a meeting was held on Monday evening , March the 29 th . The hall was crowded to excess . Mr George Cole was unanimously called to the chair . The chairman called on Mr Philip M'Grath , but no . sooner had he done eo , than up jumped the Mayor , a Mr Wheeler , a brewer and banker , and denounced the National Land Company as a " monstrous humbng , " which was received with great coldness by tbe meeting , who evidently took his worship to be the monstrous humbug . " Mr M'Grath then rose , loudly cheered , and in a clear , forcible , and eloquen . manner , shewed the rise and progress ef the National Land Company—detailed its working , its possessions , estates , buildings , and National Land and Labour
Bank , tbe immense number of shareholders obtained in less than two years , and the magnificent capital subscribed in the same brief period . The Mavor again rose , and stated that the gentleman who bad so eloquently addressed . them , had put matters in a different light , than he bad at first seen it ; but still he bad his doubts , and thought they should be very cautious . Mr M'Grath having replied to bis worship , a vote of thanks was given by acclamation to Mr M'Grath , and a similar compliment was paid to the chairman , and themeeting wasdissolved . At an adjourned aeeting . Mr Cole was appointed secretary , and ten persons became shareholders ; and , from the feeling manifested , there is every prospect of a flourishing district of the Land Company beine formed in this town .
Canrp . —On the evening of the 22 nd , the members of this flourishing branch of the Land Company held a « ire « in the Weavers' Hall . J . MoAinsb was called to tbe chair , and gave "The People , the source of all legitimate Power . " Mr J . McNab gave ™ teargos ° ' Connor . Esq ., the Founder of the Land Plan . " Mr Scrimgeour proposed "The Land Company ; may the exertions of the Directors be crowned with success . " Several other toasts were given . The party broke up at 12 o ' clock . Hon . —Thefollowingresolutionhasbeen passed : — That , in tbe opinion of ihii meeting , to allow member * to be located without ballot , on the condition of paying up their redemption money , wonld be injurious to the poorer portion of the shareholders , inasmuch as it would have a tendency to introduce class intereit * . The Hull Branch Land meeting will be held on Monday evening , at * $ o ' clock , atthe Ship Inn , Church-lane , and every alternate Monday .
• Nawios-ABBOtr . —Messrs Doyle and Clark paid a visit to this place on the Fast Day , and held a meeting in the open air , in the centre of the town . 2 oVjlock was the time named for the meeting , but owing to a misunderstanding , the lecturers did not amve until near 6 . Although this delay occurred the anxiety of the people to hear was not at all abated , for , when Mr Clark was introduced to the meeting by the chairman ( Mr J . Elms ) , such asight waa presented as must have convinced him that the men of Devon have some faith in the Land Plan , and are anxious , through it , to gain their freedom , both social and political . Mr Clark delivered auexcellent address , and Mr Doyle followed with one of his telling speeches . Altogether , it was a splendid aeeting , and the people were highly delighted .
Oswaidiwistk . —At a meeting of this branch , it was unanimously agreed that Lowbands is the most proper place to hold the next Conference . ' T r m '~; On Tanrsday evening , March 25 th , a public Tea Party and Meeting took place in the Temperance Hall . A splendid band was in attendancB to add to the night ' s entertainment . Shortly after six o clock , the time appointed for commencing operations upon the Eastern beverage and the old English esculents , Messrs Doyle , Elms , and Radley , arrived from Newton Abbott , and were received with acclamation by a numerous and highly respectable assemblage . During tea , the band played several popular and soul-stirring airs . About half-past seven . Mr Elms was unanimously elected to the chair , and in a brief address introduced Mr Dovle . Mr D . unon
rising was received with loud cheers . He addressed themeeting for two hours in a speech replete with lucid reasoning , and was repeatedly applauded throughout . A schoolmaster of tbe town , and the only man , we ' are informed , who has heretofore stood forward as the public champienof the landlord and capitalist , and the opponent of our glorious principles , touted that he would make an onslaught upon Mr Doyle , and of course demolish him . However , the valiant gentleman ' s courage cooled as the time drew near , and he acted upon the old adage " that prudence is the better part of valour ; " though Mr D was quite prepared to receive his fire , if he had thought proper to pour in a volley , and would have , we are confideat , returned the compliment in good style .
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DRM'DOUALL ' S MISSION IN THE NORTH . TO THK EDITOR OP THK NORTHERN STAB . Sm .-Having observed tint several important meetings which- 1 have attended were not reported inthsstor » Itake this ooportunity of giving a bHefsketchofeventsintbeNnrth . I lectured first at South Shields on the Charter « . ! n » J « Li \ on r ? g , aU ( I « ence . I visit it Mam to-day , Match 30 th . for the purpose of ndoptintr the National Petition , at an open-air or gas 5 t i meeting . ° * On Sunday , March Hth , I addressed the peopleof Newcastle , on the Quay side . v
On Monday , the 15 th , I lectured in Nehon-atveet Room , to a very attentive assembly , Many 0 , ieg . tiom . were put to me , which the proposers themselves publicly admitted to have been answered to their satisfaction ; On Tuesday , the 16 tb , and Wednesday , the 17 th , I spoke in the Athenaum , Sutherland ; first on the Charter and the Land , and secondly on tbe Petition . Both meetings were more select than numerous , i also attended a colliers' meeting . and found the spirit of Chartism still active amongst them , and it is high time that oppressed body of nlen had the power of jHfftteeting themselves from the gross riving and reivrtg of the masters . The-old border system practised by the moss-troopen , was honest robbery compared to the refined cheating of the modern pit troop . ' '
On Thursday and Friday , the 18 th and 19 th of March , Hectured at Shotley bridge , where the petition was adopted , and active measures resorted to to advancethe Charter and Land Movements . On Monday , the 22 nd . we had a very large and enthusiastic meeting in the Town Hall , No wcastle , to adopt the National Petition . The local press , especially the Guardian , has given a full report , and ' the importance of the meeting fully merited the columns devoted to it . Town Halls have now been granted for the same purpose in the following large towns , viz .. Northampton , Nottingham , Leeds , Sheffield , Cheltenham , Hull and Newcastle . That proves that we are making progress by an undercurrent , whioh , in time , if circumstances are favourable , will influence the whole stream of society . On Tuesday , the 23 rd , I lectured at Birtley . and on Wednesdav , the 24 th , at Blyth . Both meetings were well attended .
On Monday . the 29 th , I attended a capital meeting at Winlayton , where the old spirit is still glowing , and far more to be depended upon , because it ha « been tempered by experience . Wherever I go I find that Chartism has made a silent , flow , but buiy orogress . The people may seem apathetio , and the ; no doubt are ao , but it is not the apathy of disgust , distrust , or hopelessness at , or of Chartist principles . The people have heard all they can hear in defence of Chartism . They kno-r all they can ever know of il theoretically . The argument is all on our side . We require to reason no more on that which is 80 obviously right , so absolutely necessary . The people are convinced , triply convinced , that nothing short of the Charter can remove their griev .
ances , but they are pausing to ascertain how they are to get it . Now it strikes my mind , that no one circumstance can , but many combined , and all of these taken advantage of , may achieve the great aim oO ten-years' agitation . The Petition is one mode that haa been adopted , because it acts upon an almost defunct parliament , and is pushed forward at the proper time , It is of vast importance at this particular crisis , and I hope the people will not neglect the time of presenting it with effect . The me e act of petitioning is a farce , but wo arc ao situated now , what with the sham famine of the corn dealers , and multiplied difficulties at home at > d abroad , that the discussion of the merits ofour princi ples will tall with good effi-ct on the minds of a people already sick and perishing from the results of an iniquitous system of legislation . Besides , France is moving on the Suffrage question , and tbe debate on that subject
has shaken tbe government of Louia . Philippe . If the petition is to be presented , it ought to have as many signatures as the last one , otherwise it would be infinitely better to petition separately from towns and pour them all in together . There is no time to be lost now , and the sooner Mr Duncorabe is consulted as to the best < tnd most effectual mode o * proceeding , the sooner will we all be prepared to support him . I hope , therefore , that the Chartist body everywhere will at once meet and consider the question of public meetings , camp meetings , Ac ., for the adeption and signing of the National Petition . 1 have found everywhere a most excellent spirit prevailing , which when once called into operation , should not I e allowed to subside . The Land movement , the Trades movement , and the Registration movement , are all great means towards the great end .
It is useless denying the fact , that practical and immediate means will always be received with more favour than distant and uncertain ones . Besides , the Land movement is a practical plan for enfranchising the people , and in tbe absence of a better and more certain one for securing the Suffrage , it must be acceptable to thousands , who have been long thirsting in the dry bed of some former stream , waiting and watching until the waters flow past again . It is with the ( roost perfect conviction that but for the Laud movement the Charter would have been nowhere , that I always weave in the one with the other ; and I have determined to devote a portion ot my time to the furtherance of a scheme , which will do more to advance our principles than any other .
because it is a practical mirror of the intentions of Chartism , whose purity and excellence of purpose no man can dispute . I propose strengthening Mr O ' Connor ' s hands , n » well as the Land Movement , by a series of lectures with illustrations on Agricultural Chemistry , with which I am perfectly familiar , I think they will prove useful , instructive , and amusing . I think no one will object to me being as useful as I can , so long as I am amongst the people , and unattached to professional duties . Atall times I shall be found what I waB , am , and will be—a sincere and devoted advocate of Chartism , and the friend and supporter ol those who strive to ameliorate the condition of raj fellow-men . I remain , Sir , yours truly , P . M . M'Douall .
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* Every report of Dr M'Douiill ' s meetings received at this office has been inserted . —Ed . N . 8 .
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PUBLIC MEETING AT CROYDON TO ADOPT THE NATIONAL PETITION . On Tuesday evening , March 23 rd , a public meeting was held at this place for the purpose of adopting the National Petition for the enactment of the People's Charter . The committee had prepared a requisition to the churchwardens , requesting the use of the Town-Hail ; but though they obtained the signatures Of thirty-two electors and ratepayers , they were refused , and a subsequent application to the trustees of the Waste Lands met with no better sue * cew . The committee were , therefore , constrained to convene the meeting in the large club room of the Ship Inn , High-street . At eight o ' clock , the meeting being numerously attended , including several ladies , on tbe motion of Mr Clark , seconded by Mr Frost , Mr Hodges was unanimously called to the chair . Mr Hooois said he would rather the meeting had elected a more competent person ; butin the ab
, . sence of the gentlemen who had been invited , he did so from a feeling ef duty , regardless of the consequences . Nie committee had invited Mr Alcock to take the chair , but that " gentleman" had not condescended to answer them ; and he thought he was mere fit to exercise the functions of an unpaid magistrate than those of a member of Parliament , to which he aspired . Mr P . A . Taylor had a lso been invited , but that gentleman , who was so warm an advocate of electoral reform touryears ago , now thought their demands ill-timed . The subject of the meetinewai most important ; they had assembled there to petition Parliament for an extension of the suffrage- how great an extension the meeting was prepared to huuportheknewnot ; but he hoped they would co the full extent , and ask for the suffrage on the broad principles ot nature and reason . Mr Faosr moved the first resolation —
That , in the opinion of this meeting , tha rights , libertlei , and pro . perity of Great Britain cau only U s « . cured by gWog to every male inhabitant of the popula tion a vowein the making of those laws which u « ia oalledupon to obey , and , therefore , we call upon the Leglilature to enact such laws «* shall carry theprincipl . into practical effect . * Mr Curb : seconded the resolution . Mr M'Gun mid he fully agreed with the worthy chairman , that the subject they had assembled there to advocate was the most important which had ever occupied the attention of the working classes . W » b there one m that meeting satisfied with his present condition ? -was there one there content to bear the stigma of political inferiority ? What a monstrous anomaly was our preBent constitution-an electoral body of 300 , 000 ip an adult male noDulation of sevun
millions I What working man wou d join a benefit dub in whioa the whole managing power was engrossed by two or three individuals ? Yet tbe State was but a benefit dub upon a larger be ale . He held that the ninety should govern the ten , and not the ten domineer over the ninety . He contended that
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every man m the nation had a ri ght to a voice in the making of those laws whioh he was called upon to obey . I here wwatime when the Tories maintained that working men had nothing to do with the laws but to obey them ; nor with the taxes , but to pav them ; but he thought no Tory would have tuo unbluBhingassurancetorife in that meeting , and promulgate such a doctrine now . ( Hear . ) Blackstone , the learned commentator on the laws of En « . land , had laid down the principle , tbat no man should bs taxed without his consent . Th&t was the opinion of the ablest of our jurists—( liear)—and those terrible fellows , the Chartists , asked no more . He contended that taxation without representation wus more than injustice—it was a rohbery . ( Hear , ) The supporters of class legislation asserted that tbe work * m classes were too ignorant to be entrusted with the suffrage ; but he contended that the intell igence among the working classes oreoonderated over that
? ™ i ? Pper and middl ° ola 5 Be 8 « We were accuBturned to regard members of Parliament as beinw M < rT £ wi 8 dora and eloquence ; but he ( Mr mnnt" * A wt , inthogallery « fthe HouseofComw ? ' an ^ 18 te" «< l to their frigid harangues , Untw SSflft ThMe ? not in that h 0 U 8 e on 6 uundred and nfty men wh' > were capable of expressing themftelyes m decent English . A short time since he had waited uuon Captain Pechell , with an invitation to < t meeting in London , Rot op in honour of Mr Duncorabe ;; and Captain Pechell , though he represented tho aristocratic constituency of Brighton , declined to attend , on the ground that be very seldom opoke in Parliament , and if he attempted to address the meeting he should be lost in the contrast with the brilliant oratorical powers of Mr Duncorabe and Mr O'Connor , lie contended that the intelligence of the working classes had always been in advance of the government ; and he did not stand there to raako
assertions which could not be supported by fact and argument . When tbe Cora Laws were forced on the people in 1815 , who opposed them ? The working classes , tho men who , led by the brave Henry Hunt , fell beneath the sabreB of drunken yeomanry ,. on the bloodstained field of Peterloo ! ( Hear . ) Peel and Russell had now acknowledged that they—potent statesmen at they are—were wrong , and tbe despised and calumniated working men were right , in their estimation ol that measure . ( Hear . ) And when Cobden and Bright were agitating a repeal of those laws , though acknowledging the correctness of the principle ot free trade , the working men maintained that their abrogation , unless accompanied by other measures of formwould
re , fail to be productive of benefit to thuir class . And what had been the result ? The advo . oates of tree trade had carried their measures , and , instead of dispensing comfort and happiness among the homes of the industrious millions , it bad been followed by reduced wages , decreased employment , and starvation . ( Hear . ) Thousands ofour Irish brethren were being hurried to premature graves by the gaunt hand of Famine , and the only remedy the imbecile Russell could suggest was tho solemn mockery of a National Fast ! ( Hear . ) What , then , had become of the vaunted superior intelligence of tbenpper classes ? On the broad ground of nature and religion , he thought the meeting conld adopt no other course than that proposed by their worthy chairman . AH men were equal by nature ; there was no difference at birth between the child of the
peer and the child of the peasant ; all social distinctions were artificial , and were produced by circumstances acting and reacting upon the organization , from the cradle to the grave . Neither was there any difference between the close of the aristocrat ' s life and that of the pauper ' s . The grave levels all distinctions , and tbe sun shines as warmly—the flowers bloom as luxuriously—on the grave of tbe peasant as on that of the peer ! And when the peer and the pauper stood together at the bar of Heaven ' s tribunal , wag there any distinction of persons there ? On the broad ground , then , of religion , of nature , and of justice , he demanded the Suffrage for all , and gave his most cordial support to the resolution before the meeting . ( Loud cheers . ) The resolution was then put and carried unanimously . Mr . Bkark moved the second resolution : —
Tuata petition . embodying afuU and fair representation of thrt people in xbv Commons' House of Parliament , as contained in the document called the People ' s Oharur , < e now adopted b y this meeting . Mr Mac * bty seconded the resolution , Mr T . M . Whbblsr then read the petition , and observed that the stirring address of Mr M'Grath had left him little to say in its support . There was nothing unjust or unreasonable in their demands ; those privileges which they asked for themselves they wi > hed to extend to all . In entering into the social compaot , in order to enjoy the advantages and refinements of civilization , man gave up a portion of his liberty to obtain protection for the remainder . But the masses had gradually lost the remains of their libertyand
, now they were assembled to demand freedom for all , tyranny for none . ( Hear . ) Lord J . Russell had declared the Reform Bill to be a final measure ; but he had yet to learn that it was in the power of any man to fix the limits of human progression-He was sure there was no one in that meeting bo utterly selfish , so unutterably depraved in heart , as to desire a privilege for himself which he would deny to his fellow-man . He agreed with Mr M'Grath , that taxation without representation was a horrible injustice ; he contended that the meanest beggar that crawled the streets had a right to the franchise , insomuch as he paid a tax to government on the crust of bread which maintained his abject existence , lie therefore felt great pleasure in expressing his entire
concurrence w ith the princi p les embodied in the petition which had been submitted to the meeting . Mr G . Whbblkr said , that though Universal Suffrage waa the basis of the plan of electoral reform which bad been proposed , there were other measures required to give it full effect . They all knew that a general election never occurred but petitions were poured in < o Parliament from all parts of the country , complaining of bribery and corruption . The ballot would remedy this deplorable state of things . He considere-l that seven years was too long a period for the duration of Parliament ; some thought that a seven year * ' apprenticeship waa necessary to acquire a knowledge of legislation , but he c ontended that Parliament was not a place for those who had to
learn their trade , but for those who had alreadv acquired it . ( Hear . ) They were all aware thata ' property qualification was required for a member of Parliament ; but , in his opinion , a man Bhould be tested by tbe depth of his mind , and not by the breadth ot his aore 3 . ( Hear . ) With regnrd to the payment of members , lie had found it a sore subject with working-men , who thought they had enough to pay already ; but he thought it better to pay the members than send them into Parliament with the power and opportunity of paying themselves . ( Hear . ) The last point which he had to comment upon , was the division of the country into equal electoral districts . ' It was a monstrous anomal y that Harwich , with a constituency of 308 , should be represented ? 3 ! , « S , Maryfcbone , with a constituency of 10 , 000 . Neither could he see the justice of aWino &
vote to a £ 10 householder in Guildtbrd , and denying ittooneinCroydon . ( Hear . ) These wore glaring anomalies , which ought to be amended . He trusted that every one in that meeting would not only sign the petition but also assist in promulgating among jHstellow-men the principles of Reform , which they had heard enunciated that night . They wntnmcniberthat "he who allows spprewion shares the crime " and thit it was their duty , as men who wished to be free , to aid the emancipation of their fellow-countrymen . ( Cheers . ) The adoption of the petition was then put by tks chairman , and carried without a single dissentient . Mr IIodoks here informed the meeting that the distnet council of the National Charter Association meet every Monday evening , at 8 o ' olock , at Loveday ' s Coffee-house , Surrey-street .
A Gentlbmbn in the meeting moved a vote of thanks to the chairman , which was carried unani * mously . Mr Frost afterwards moved a vote of thanks to MeBBrs M'Grath , T . M . Wheeler and G . Wheeler , for their able services ; whioh was also carried unanimously . The Ciuinmn then declared the meeting dissolved , when numbers pressed forward to sign the petition , Such a strong and unqualified demonstration in favour of Democracy has never been made inCroydon before .
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Another Ambrioan Portrait . — Mr Corwin or " Black Tom , " as they call him out West , is a man of about forty-five years of age , of dark complexion dark eyes and dark ha r ; hence his « o « wJ » rHe is one of the best looking men of the Senate . His features have an extreme mobility . When he speaks the sentiment he would convey , or the feeC he would express , is anticipated by the expression of hit countenance . Fire dashes from hSi «? Z he in anm moed denounces iniquity or baseS kS& S di 3 e a nted on to f J * JSRSto t mIt lowcunnin n lthed 1 D worn when he depicts the ZSfi" "' OT thfl : meanneS 8 * ** - « rv «? * /' ~ "i W ^ n a mn makes a K « «* SE . 2 W naturol rell * » y ° tt maT * 8 uw th »* hi is artificial ,
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REPORT OF OCCURRENCES IN POLAND , AND FACTS CONNECTED WITH THE CAUSE OF PO . LAND'S REGENERATION . February—Mabch , —1847 . , Since the Committee ' s last report the concentra- \ tion of Russian troops in Poland has gone on , for > the purpose , as is supposed , of overawing the people , v } and preventing any outbreak on the occasion of the \ complete incorporation of " the kingdom" with Itus- \ sia , which it is asserted will shortl ) lake place on the occasion of the Autocrat ' s ( intended ) visit to ^ r Warsaw . v \ Rumours have circulated of the arrest of several N s ^ Polish patriots at Warsaw , said to be agents of the \ Polish Propaganda .
The Autocrat has imposed an infamous and disgusting oath upon the priests appointed by the Ecclesiastical Academy at Warsaw . Professing to believe in a Deity he makes his God a partner in his iniquitous tyranny . We have to record the death of a Polish patriot , named Antony Babinski , reputed to have been one of the agents of the Polish Propaganda . While engagftd in tbe good work of preparing the means lor his country ' s deliverance , he was arrested ia the month of . anuary last . In Ids attempts to defend himself , he shot one of the bloodhounds of tyranny a Prussian gendarme , who died of his wounds . 1 ' or
this act he was tried by a Prussian court-martial , and condemned to be shot . The sentence was immediately carried into execution . He fell wiib . twelve musket-halls in his breast , and , according to the accouuts of the enemy , " died without having betrayed the least weakness ; on the contrary , he repeatedly saluted the people , " who followed t he mournful procession to the place of execution . Tyrants and their degraded tools may profess to regard the act for which Babinski suffered as a « criminal" andhis end as infamous ; this committee , on the contrary , justify the said act , honour the patriot , and lament his death—all the infamy . of which is , in our eyes , attached to his executioners .
The execution of Babinski was followed by a funeral service at Posen . The coffin used in the ceremony bore a plate , on which was engraved an inscription to the following effect : — " Antony Babinski , member of the Polish Democratical Society , martyr in the cause of his country ' s liberty . * The cross which the martyred patriot had kissed at the execution was exhibited surrouuded by laurels , the leaves of which were distributed to the mouraerg as relics . In consequence of this sacred manifestation several arrests took place , and one lady has been banished : —another . proof of the liberality of the Prussian Government . It is stated that the great trial of ( he Polish prisoners confined for the past twelve months in the dungeons of Posen , would commence at Berlin on the 1 st of April .
The infamy of Louis Philippe ' s government ia coming to light . The Rhine and Moselle Gazelle states that proofs exist that M . Guizot was enabled by espionage to detect the Polish consp iracy of lost year , of which he duly apprised the Russian , Austrian , and Prussian governments , ? reviou& to t \ va ovAbrtffc at Cracow , The usual paragraph in behalf of Poland has been in this year ' s " Address , " in reply to Louis Philippe ' s spaech;—a barren demons : ration , of no use to . Poland , and of no honour to France .
The Northern Star of January 30 th contained aa " Address of the Polish Democrats to Europe , '' one of the most eloquent and truly noble documents ever given to the world by suffering , but determined patriots . A copy of that" Address" has been supplied to each member of the two houses of legislature in France and England , and to each of the Paris and London journals , political and literary . The legislators of the two countries cannot , therefore , now plead ignorance of the Polish question . The people are not so fortunate , for the English journals , with one exception , have combined to stifle the " Address , " the publication of which would have
done so much to enli ghten the people . The " one exception" is named above . True , a very few journals notified that they had received the "Address / 1 and gave a meagre paragraph therefrom ; but the "Northern Star" was the only English journal , so far as this Committee can learn , which published the " Address" in full . There arfe many journals professing to advocate the cause o £ freedom , justice , progress and humanity but thU committee can find but one , the columns of which are always open to the proclamation of the wrongs ,, and the advocacy of the rights , of the oppressed of all nations , colours , climes and creeds .
A public meeting , convened by this committee , was holden in London on the 22 nd of February , in commemoration of the Cracow Insurrection of 1846 , and for the purpose of petitioning Parliament to aid in restoring the nationality and freedom of Poland . A fuil report of the said meeting having appeared in the '• Northern Star" of February 27 th , it is unnecessary to state more than a record of the fact that resolutions and a petition to Parliament , in accordance with the objects of this committee , were unanimously adopted ; as was also an Address in reply to the "Address of the Democratic Poles to Europe . " The petition adopted at the above-named meeting was presented to the { louse of Commons , on Thursday , March 11 th , by Mr T . S . Duncombe , the patriotic member for Finslmry .
A public meeting convened by the " Literary Association of the Friends of Poland" was holdea under the presidency of the Marquis of Northampton , at the Freemasons' Tavern , on the 2 nd of March . This meeting was remarkable for the attendance of a number of persons belonging to the aristocratic classes , and for the determined tone of several of the speakers , particularly Lord Beaumont , Admiral Codrington , and Commodore Napier . On the 4 th of March , Mr Hume brought forward the following motion in the House of Commons .
1 . That this house , considering the faithful observance of the general act of Congress , or treaty of Vienna , of the 9 th day of June , 1815 , as the basis of the peace and welfare of Europe , views with alarm and indignation the incorporation of the tree city of Cracow , and of ita territory , into the empire o £ Austria , by virtue of a convention entered into at Vienna on tbe 6 th day of November , 1816 , by Russia , Prussia , and Austria , in manifest violation of the said treaty . 3 , That it appears , by returns laid before Parliament , that there has already been paid from the
British Treasury , towards the principal atid tor the interest of the debt called the Russo-Dutch Lean , between the years 1816 and 1846 , both inclusive , the sum of 40 , 493 , 750 florins , equal to £ 3 , 374 , 479 sterling money ; and that the liquidation ot ' theprinoioal ana interest of the remaining part of the loan ' as stipulated by the act 2 nd and 3 rd of William IV ., cap . 81 , wi-1 require further annual payments from i ^ nfl nlf * su - y untiI t . * ear 1015 « amounting to 47 , 006 , 250 * onnB , equal to 4-3 , 917 , 187 sterling t y , '« 7 o tn , , then the » 8 S « g » te payment £ 7 , 291 , 606 ; and the average , for each of tho 100 years , of £ 12 , 010 .
3 . Ihat the convention of the 16 th of November , 1831 , between hia Majesty the King et Great BtL tain and Ireland and the Emperor of all tho Russias , was made to explain the stipulations of tho treaty between Great Britain , Russia , and the Netherlands , signed at London on the 19 th day of May , 1815 , and included in the treaty of Vieuna ; and by that convention it was agreed bv Great Britain ' to secure to Russia the payment of a portion of her old Dutch debt in consideration of the general arrangements of the Congress of Vienna , to which she had given her adhesion ; arrangements which remain in full force . '
4 . That this house is , therefore , of opinion , tbat Russia having withdrawn that adhesiou , and those arrangements being , through her act , no longer ia force , the payments from this country on account of that debt should be henceforth suspended . A three nights' discussiou took place on the above resolutions , ( March 4 th , ll th , and 16 th , ) which were finally withdrawn . The extraordinary reasons advanced by several of the speakers against the adoption of the House of Commons will form the subject of comment in a future document . Signed on behalf of the Committee , Ernest Jonkb , President . G . Juman Barney . Secrelan / .
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• ^ . ^ 8- —We have been favoured with the sight of a new truss , the property of Messrs Poole and to ., which certainly far excels in comfort and promised durability every other de-criptiim of truw previously in use . It fits so perfectly and is so constructed that in whatever position the wearer may place him or herself , there is always an equal pressure upon the part affected . By the help of a spring and hinge , this truss > o adjusts itself as to cause . not the slighest inconvenience to the wearer . In tho construction of this truss copper is used instead of
iteel , hence the new truss—unlike the old—is not liable to corrode and break . These and other advantages render this truss cheap at any price . We be . lieve tha » Messrs Butler and Co ., St Paul ' s Churchyard , have been appointed wholesale agents . We should add that this improved truss is the invention of a working man , who deserves great credit for his admirable production . « FiBi Biiro , Fast FiND . " -The Fast . waskept at the Mansion-house in the most rioid manner . The tare did not differ from that of any other day ,
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FORTHCOMING MEETINGS . Cabrington . —The sub-secretarieB for the Land Company of the following branches are requested to send two delegates on Sunday next to the New Inn , Carrington , at five o ' clock , on business of importance , -namely : —Nottingham , Radford , Basford , Hucknall Torkerd , Lamley , and Carleton . D 1 W 8 BURT . —The sub-Secretary of the National Land Company , in this district , will attend in the Chartist Room , Bond-street , on Saturday evening , April 3 rd , from half-past six o ' clock till eieht , and every succeeding Saturday evening . Halifax . —Shareholders are requested to meet in the Large Room , Bull Close-lane , on Sunday , April 11 th at two o ' clock .
Hull . —The shareholders ' meeting will be held on and after the first Monday in April . on Monday nights instead of Tuesday nights as heretofore . Members not having paid according to rule , and not doing bo on the first mooting in April , will have their names erased irom the books . Oldham . —The Committee will meet en Easter Sunday , at one o ' clock in the afternoon , in the School-room of the Working Man ' s Hall . Pudsey . —A public meeting will be held in Pudsey at Green Side , near the Wesleyan Chapel , on Sunday , to ex > lainthe principles of the National Land Company , and form a branch of the third section .. Several members from Bradford will attend and address the meeting .
RocHDAw . -Shareholders are requested to meet in MiU-street , to-morrow , at two o ' clock , to elect fresh scrutineers and other officers . Ac .
To The Working Classes^ ,
TO THE WORKING CLASSES ^ ,
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' • ¦ ¦ . W > , / . : ¦ * ' ¦ ¦ >¦ ' ¦ - * l * f £ . .. , AND NATIONAL TRADES' JOURNAL ,
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VOL . X NO . 493 . LONDON , SATURDAY , APRIL 3 , 1347 . SiST ^ S ^ 1 Rve ShHllng » and Sixpence pcr Qllarer
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), April 3, 1847, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct1412/page/1/
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